Editing Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories (section)

=== Physical anthropology ===
[[File:Isla Mocha 1.jpg|right|thumb|[[Mocha Island]] off the coast of the [[Arauco Peninsula]], Chile]]
In December 2007, several human skulls were found in a museum in [[Concepción, Chile]]. These skulls originated on [[Mocha Island]], an island which is located just off the coast of Chile on the Pacific Ocean, formerly inhabited by the Mapuche. [[craniometry|Craniometric]] analysis of the skulls, according to [[Lisa Matisoo-Smith]] of the [[University of Otago]] and [[José Miguel Ramírez Aliaga]] of the [[Universidad de Valparaíso]], suggests that the skulls have "[[Polynesian people|Polynesian]] features"&nbsp;– such as a pentagonal shape when they are viewed from behind, and rocker jaws.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Lawler |first1= Andrew |title=Beyond ''Kon-Tiki'': Did Polynesians Sail to South America?|journal=Science|date= June 11, 2010 |pages= 1344–1347 | pmid=20538927 | doi=10.1126/science.328.5984.1344 | volume=328 | issue=5984 |bibcode= 2010Sci...328.1344L }}</ref>

Rocker jaws have also been found at an excavation led José Miguel Ramírez in the coastal locality of [[Tunquén]], Central Chile.<ref name=playaanchatunq>{{Cite news |title=De la Polinesia a Tunquén: Evidencias de mestizaje con población local |url=http://www.upla.cl/noticias/2017/01/19/de-la-polinesia-a-tunquen-evidencias-de-mestizaje-con-poblacion-local/ |access-date=2022-05-02 |work=Playa Ancha Noticias |publisher=[[University of Playa Ancha]] |language=Spanish|archive-date=November 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101072100/http://www.upla.cl/noticias/2017/01/19/de-la-polinesia-a-tunquen-evidencias-de-mestizaje-con-poblacion-local/}}</ref> The site of excavation corresponds to an area with pre-Hispanic tombs and [[Midden#Shells|shell middens]] ({{langx|es|conchal}}).<ref name=playaanchatunq/> A global review of rocker jaws among different populations show that while rocker jaws are not unique to Polynesians "[t]he rarity of rocker jaw in South American natives supports" the view of "Polynesian voyagers who ventured to the west coast of South America".<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Rocker jaw: global context for a Polynesian characteristic |journal=[[The Anatomical Record]] |last1=Scott |first1=Richard |volume=304 |pages=1776–1791 |last2=Stull |first2=Kyra E. |issue=8 |year=2021 |last3=Sbei |first3=Andrea N. |last4=McKinney |first4=Mason |last5=Scarlett R. |first5=Boling |last6=Irish |first6=Joal D.|doi=10.1002/ar.24566 |pmid=33159494 |s2cid=226276081 |url=https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/14313/8/Rocker%20jaw%20global%20context%20for%20a%20Polynesian%20characteristic.pdf }}</ref>