Editing Power-to-weight ratio (section)

====Heat engines and heat pumps====
Thermal energy is made up from [[Sensible heat|molecular]] [[kinetic energy]] and [[Latent heat|latent]] [[Phase (matter)|phase]] energy. [[Heat engine]]s are able to convert thermal energy in the form of a temperature gradient between a hot source and a cold sink into other desirable [[Work (physics)|mechanical work]]. [[Heat pump]]s take [[Work (physics)|mechanical work]] to regenerate thermal energy in a temperature gradient. Standard definitions should be used when interpreting how the propulsive power of a jet or rocket engine is transferred to its vehicle.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
! rowspan=2 |[[Heat engine]]/[[Heat pump]] type
! colspan=2 |Peak power output
! colspan=2 |Power-to-weight ratio
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" |Example use
|-
!data-sort-type=number |SI
!data-sort-type=number |English
!data-sort-type=number |SI
!data-sort-type=number |English
|-
| [[Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C|Wärtsilä RTA96-C]] 14-cylinder [[two-stroke diesel engine]]<ref name=":0">{{cite press release|url=http://www.wartsila.com/,en,press,0,tradepressrelease,8F51527F-00A3-4C5F-ABEA-B543789ACA1B,26EE6684-06C9-48B3-920A-3B238B7C302A,,.htm|title=The world's most powerful Engine enters service|publisher=[[Wärtsilä]]|date=2006-09-12|access-date=2010-01-12|archive-date=2013-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801023302/http://www.wartsila.com/,en,press,0,tradepressrelease,8F51527F-00A3-4C5F-ABEA-B543789ACA1B,26EE6684-06C9-48B3-920A-3B238B7C302A,,.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| {{convert|80080|kW|kW|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|108,920|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 0.03&nbsp;kW/kg
| 0.02&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Emma Mærsk]] [[container ship]]
|-
| [[Rotax|ROTAX]] 900 ACE 60 900 cc, 3-cylinder, 4-stroke, naturally-aspirated [[marine engine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rotax.com/en/products/rotax-powertrains/details/rotax-900-ace-marine.html|title=Powertrains Detail|website=www.rotax.com|access-date=2021-05-26|archive-date=2021-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515193523/https://www.rotax.com/en/products/rotax-powertrains/details/rotax-900-ace-marine.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 45&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|60|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 0.24&nbsp;kW/kg
| 0.15&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Sea-Doo]] SPARK 2 UP<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sea-doo.com/us/en/models/rec-lite/spark.html|title=Sea-Doo SPARK|website=www.sea-doo.com}}</ref> 2021
|-
| [[Suzuki]] 538&nbsp;cc V-2 [[four-stroke]] petrol [[outboard motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suzukimarine.com/sr_09/df25/features/|title=Suzuki Marine&nbsp;– DF25&nbsp;– Features and Specifications|access-date=January 12, 2010|publisher=[[Suzuki]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131071546/http://www.suzukimarine.com/sr_09/df25/features/|archive-date=January 31, 2010}}</ref>
| 19&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|25|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 0.27&nbsp;kW/kg
| 0.16&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Runabout (boat)|Runabout boats]]
|-
| [[United States Department of Energy|DOE]]/[[NASA]]/0032-28 Mod 2 502&nbsp;cc petrol [[Stirling engine]]<ref name="nasa_ase">{{cite web|url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19880002196_1988002196.pdf|title=Automotive Stirling Engine&nbsp;– Mod II Design Report|author=Noel P. Nightingale|publisher=[[NASA]] Lewis Research Center|access-date=July 16, 2010|date=October 1986|archive-date=February 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222135626/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19880002196_1988002196.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 62.3&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|83.5|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 0.30&nbsp;kW/kg
| 0.18&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Chevrolet Celebrity]]{{Cref2|•}} 1985 ('one-off' prototype) 
|-
| [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]] TR-1 [[Straight-three engine|3-cylinder]], 4-stroke, [[marine engine]], 1049 cc<ref>{{cite web|title=SuperJet|url=https://www.yamahawaverunners.com/waverunner/series/stand-up/superjet/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=www.yamahawaverunners.com|archive-date=2021-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511202809/https://www.yamahawaverunners.com/waverunner/series/stand-up/superjet/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 74.5&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|100|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 0.44&nbsp;kW/kg
| 0.27&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Yamaha SuperJet]] 2021
|- 
| [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine|Kawasaki]] 1498 cc [[Supercharger|supercharged]], [[Intercooler|intercooled]], 4-stroke, [[Straight-four engine|4-cylinder]], DOHC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kawasaki.com/en-us/watercraft/jet-ski/jet-ski-3-passenger-supercharged/jet-ski-ultra-310/2021-jet-ski-ultra-310lx|title=2021 Kawasaki Jet Ski Ultra 310LX {{pipe}} PWC {{pipe}} Supercharged Power|website=www.kawasaki.com|access-date=2021-05-26|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421041504/https://www.kawasaki.com/en-us/watercraft/jet-ski/jet-ski-3-passenger-supercharged/jet-ski-ultra-310/2021-jet-ski-ultra-310lx|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 231&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|310|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 0.47&nbsp;kW/kg 
| 0.29&nbsp;hp/lb<ref>{{cite web|date=2016-10-26|title=How Much Does a Jet Ski & Trailer Weigh?|url=https://www.steveninsales.com/much-jet-ski-trailer-weigh/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=Steven in Sales|archive-date=2021-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513172623/https://www.steveninsales.com/much-jet-ski-trailer-weigh/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries Motorcycle & Engine|Kawasaki]] ULTRA 310LX [[Jet Ski]]
|-
| [[Duramax V8 engine#LMM|GM Duramax LMM V-8]] 6.6&nbsp;L [[turbo-diesel]]<ref name="gmduramax"/>
| 246&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|330|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 0.65&nbsp;kW/kg
| 0.40&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Chevrolet Kodiak]],{{Cref2|•}} [[GMC Topkick]]{{Cref2|•}}
|-
| [[Junkers Jumo 205]]A two-stroke, diesel, [[opposed-piston engine]]<ref>Jane's 1989, p. 294.</ref>
| 647&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|867|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 1.1&nbsp;kW/kg
| 0.66&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Junkers Ju 86|Ju 86C-1 airliner]], [[Blohm & Voss Ha 139|B&V Ha 139 floatplane]]
|-
| [[General Electric LM2500|GE LM2500+]] marine [[turboshaft]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geae.com/engines/marine/pdfs/datasheet_lm2500plus.pdf|title=LM2500+ Marine Gas Turbine|publisher=[[GE Aviation]]|access-date=2010-01-25|archive-date=2011-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808163749/http://www.geae.com/engines/marine/pdfs/datasheet_lm2500plus.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 30,200&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|40,500|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 1.31&nbsp;kW/kg
| 0.80&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Celebrity Millennium|GTS Millennium]] [[cruise ship]], [[RMS Queen Mary 2|QM2]] [[ocean liner]]
|-
| [[Mazda Wankel engine|Mazda 13B-MSP Renesis]] 1.3&nbsp;L [[Wankel engine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mazda.com/mazdaspirit/rotary/about/|title=What Is A Rotary Engine?|access-date=January 12, 2010|website=[[Mazda]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117211438/http://www.mazda.com/mazdaspirit/rotary/about/|archive-date=January 17, 2010}}</ref>
| 184&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|247|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 1.5&nbsp;kW/kg
| 0.92&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Mazda RX-8]]{{Cref2|•}}
|-
| [[Pratt & Whitney R-4360|PW R-4360]] 71.5&nbsp;L 28-cylinder [[Radial engine]] ([[supercharged]])
| 3,210&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|4,300|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 1.83&nbsp;kW/kg
| 1.11&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[B-50 Superfortress|B-50]], [[Convair B-36|B-36]], [[C-97 Stratofreighter|C-97]], [[C-119 Flying Boxcar|C-119]], [[Hughes H-4 Hercules|H-4]]
|-
| [[Wright R-3350]] 54.57&nbsp;L 18-Cylinder [[Turbo-compound engine|Turbo-compound]] radial engine
| 2,535&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|3,400|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 2.09&nbsp;kW/kg <!-- 1212 kg -->
| 1.27&nbsp;hp/lb <!-- 2670 lb -->
| [[B-29 Superfortress|B-29]], [[Douglas DC-7|DC-7]]
|-
| [[O.S. Engines]] 49-PI Type II 4.97&nbsp;cc [[Wankel engine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osengines.com/engines/osmg1401.html|access-date=2010-01-08|publisher=[[O.S. Engines]]|title=UAV Wankel Engines|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104164033/http://osengines.com/engines/osmg1401.html|archive-date=2010-01-04}}</ref>
| 0.934&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|1.252|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 2.8&nbsp;kW/kg
| 1.7&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]], [[Model aircraft]], [[RC Aircraft]]
|-
| [[Aston Martin]]-[[Cosworth RA|Cosworth ''RA'']] [[V12 engine|V-12]] 6.5 L [[Naturally-aspirated engine|N/A]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cosworth.com/news/propulsion-news/aston-martin-valkyrie-v12-the-next-generation-in-hypercar-engines/|title=Hypercar Engines: Aston Martin Valkyrie V12|date=December 12, 2018|website=Cosworth|access-date=April 14, 2021|archive-date=December 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207160933/https://www.cosworth.com/news/propulsion-news/aston-martin-valkyrie-v12-the-next-generation-in-hypercar-engines/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cosworth.com/case_studies/aston-martin-valkyrie/|title=Aston Martin Valkyrie|website=Cosworth|access-date=2021-10-04|archive-date=2021-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004021410/https://www.cosworth.com/case_studies/aston-martin-valkyrie/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.astonmartin.com/aston-martin-valkyrie-v12-turns-the-hypercar-engine-up-to-11100/|title=Aston Martin Valkyrie V12 turns the hypercar engine up to 11,100|access-date=2021-10-04|archive-date=2021-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004021608/https://media.astonmartin.com/aston-martin-valkyrie-v12-turns-the-hypercar-engine-up-to-11100/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 746&nbsp;kW 
| {{convert|1000|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 3.62&nbsp;kW/kg
| 2.20&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Aston Martin Valkyrie]], {{Cref2|•}} [[sports car]]
|-
| JetCat SPT10-RX-H [[turboshaft]] engine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jetcatusa.com/rc-turbines/turbine-details/spt10_rx_h/|access-date=2015-11-17|title=Turbine details for SPT10-RX-H|archive-date=2016-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222123236/http://www.jetcatusa.com/rc-turbines/turbine-details/spt10_rx_h/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 9&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|9|kW|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 3.67&nbsp;kW/kg
| 2.24&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] [[Model aircraft]], [[RC Aircraft]]
|-
| [[General Electric LM6000|GE LM6000]] marine [[turboshaft]] engine<ref name="gelm6000">{{cite web|url=http://www.geae.com/engines/marine/pdfs/datasheet_lm6000.pdf|title=LM6000 Marine Gas Turbine|publisher=[[GE Aviation]]|access-date=2010-01-25|archive-date=2011-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808164111/http://www.geae.com/engines/marine/pdfs/datasheet_lm6000.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gelm6000_cf680c2">{{cite web|url=http://www.geae.com/aboutgeae/presscenter/marine/marine_19950523c.html|publisher=[[GE Aviation]]|access-date=2010-01-25|title=GE's LM6000 Demonstrates Outstanding Reliability And Availability In First Two Years Of Commercial Service|archive-date=2010-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211120944/http://geae.com/aboutgeae/presscenter/marine/marine_19950523c.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 44,700&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|59,900|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 5.67&nbsp;kW/kg
| 3.38&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Peaking power plant]]
|-
| [[Bayerische Motoren Werke|BMW]] [[V10 engine|V-10]] 3 L [[BMW E41 / P80 engine|''P84/5'']] 2005 [[petrol engine]] N/A<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.statsf1.com/en/moteur-bmw.aspx|title=Engine BMW • STATS F1|website=www.statsf1.com|access-date=2021-05-26|archive-date=2021-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512232613/https://www.statsf1.com/en/moteur-bmw.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 708&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|950|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 7.96&nbsp;kW/kg
| 4.84&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Williams FW27]] car,{{Cref2|•}} [[Formula One]] auto racing
|-
| [[Bayerische Motoren Werke|BMW]] [[Straight-four engine|I-4]] 1.49 L [[BMW M12|''M12'']] 1986 [[turbo engine]]<ref name="BMW engines">{{cite web|url=http://www.allf1.info/engines/bmw.php|access-date=2010-01-08|publisher=All Formula One Info|title=BMW engines|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828111206/http://www.allf1.info/engines/bmw.php|archive-date=2008-08-28|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtspirit.com/2014/05/31/the-most-powerful-f1-car-ever/|title=The Most Powerful F1 Car Ever&nbsp;– GTspirit|first=Chris|last=Wevers|date=31 May 2014}}</ref>
| 1030&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|1500|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 8.93&nbsp;kW/kg
| 5.43&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[Arrows A9]] car,{{Cref2|•}} Formula One [[auto racing]]
|-
| [[Rolls-Royce T406]]/AE1107C [[turboshaft]] engine<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rolls-royce.com/Images/AE1107C_tcm92-6702.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100816030624/http://www.rolls-royce.com/Images/AE1107C_tcm92-6702.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2010-08-16 |title= AE 1107C- Liberty turboshaft |publisher= Rolls-Royce plc |date= 2009}}</ref>
| 4,586&nbsp;kW
| 6,150&nbsp;hp
| {{#expr:4586/440round2}}&nbsp;kW/kg
| {{#expr:6150/971round2}}&nbsp;hp/lb
| [[V-22]]
|-
| [[Top Fuel]] supercharged [[V8 engine|V-8]] ([[nitromethane]]) engine<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.enginelabs.com/news/video-test-shows-top-fuel-nitro-engine-makes-over-11000-horsepower/|title=Test Shows Top Fuel Engine Makes 11,000+ Horsepower|date=2015-12-08|work=EngineLabs|archive-date=2017-10-23|access-date=2018-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023055323/http://www.enginelabs.com/news/video-test-shows-top-fuel-nitro-engine-makes-over-11000-horsepower/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{failed verification|reason=no weight reported|date=November 2019}}
|8203&nbsp;kW
|11,000&nbsp;hp
|36.46&nbsp;kW/kg
|22.2&nbsp;hp/lb
|[[U.S. Army]] [[Top Fuel Dragster]]
|-
| [[Space Shuttle Main Engine|PWR RS-24 (SSME)]] Block I H<sub>2</sub> [[turbopump]]<ref name="ssmetpb1"/>
| 53,690&nbsp;kW
| {{convert|72,000|hp|hp|disp=output only|sortable=on|abbr=on}}
| 153&nbsp;kW/kg <!-- 352 kg -->
| 93&nbsp;hp/lb <!-- 775 lb -->
| [[Space Shuttle]]
|}
{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=disc|colwidth=40em}}
{{Cnote2|•|n=0|Full vehicle power-to-weight ratio shown [[#Vehicles|below]]}}
{{Cnote2 End}}