Editing Pope Pius II (section)

===New cardinals===
At the same time, since he had long been concerned with the content of the College of Cardinals and with the behavior of some of its members, The French faction among the cardinals, especially d'Estouteville and [[Alain de Coëtivy]], obstructed every move that might harm King [[Louis XI]], who was hostile to the idea of a crusade.<ref>Pastor III, pp. 17, 62.</ref> Two cardinals had died six months previously, [[Antonio Cerdà i Lloscos|Antonio de la Cerda y Lloscos]] and the Infante [[James of Portugal|Jaime of Portugal]].<ref>Pastor, p. 293.</ref> Some of the Italian cardinals, led by the Patriarch of Aquileia, [[Ludovico Trevisan|Lodovico Scampi]], were hostile to him personally and skeptical of his project.<ref>Pastor, p. 62.</ref> Pius decided to hold a consistory for the creation of new cardinals. Suggestions poured in from all sides, petitioning for at least ten new cardinals. During Lent of 1460, he began consultations with the current cardinals, whose consent was necessary.<ref>Pius II, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0DI8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA176 ''Commentarii rerum memorabilium'' (1584)], p. 176: "Tum preces multorum porrectæ funt: Imperator unum efflagitauit, cui Pontifex cupide annuebat: Rex Franciæ duos: unum rex Aragonum: Ferdinandus rex Siciliæ,& Franciscus Mediolanensis dux plures: dux Sabaudiæ unum: dux Burgundiæ unum: marchio Montis ferrati unum: Florentini & Cosmas unum." Meserve and Simonetta II, pp. 225-231. Pastor III, p. 293.</ref>

On 4 March 1460, the Wednesday of [[Ember Days]], a formal consistory was held to make the final decisions on the candidates.<ref>Pius II, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0DI8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA176 ''Commentarii'' (1584)], p. 177.</ref> Pope Pius' opening address was frank and detailed in cataloguing the shortcomings and faults of the luxurious lifestyle of the cardinals, and their activities on behalf of monarchs rather than the church: "Your lifestyle is such that you would appear to have been chosen, not to govern the state, but called to enjoy pleasures. You avoid neither hunting, nor games, nor the company of women. You put together parties that are more opulent than is fitting. You wear clothes that are far too expensive. You overflow with gold and silver.... We can't keep people from making requests, but we can easily refuse to entertain them. Think about who are appropriate, and I will choose from among their number...."<ref>Pius II, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0DI8AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA177 ''Commentarii rerum memorabilium'' (1584)], p. 177.</ref> He then gave the names of those who nominated themselves, or who had been nominated by others."  When he finished, Cardinal Scarampi rose to speak. He remarked that Pius' predecessors had named nobles, eminent for learning and holy life. But he was proposing people whom Scarampi would not employ in his kitchen or in his stables. In fact, according to the cardinal, there was no need for new cardinals: "With too many of us, our value declines."<ref>"Vilescunt omnia numerositate." Cugnoni, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DIP5NJwbx8kC&pg=PA199 Aeneae Silvii Piccolomini Senensis... Opera inedita], p. 199. Meserve and Simonetta II, pp. 228-231.</ref>

Finally, Pius was able to secure a positive vote on five names, and he was able to pressure the cardinals into accepting his own nomination of a sixth. These were: [[Angelo Capranica]], bishop of Rieti and brother of Cardinal [[Domenico Capranica]]; [[Bernardo Eroli]], bishop of Spoleto; [[Niccolò Fortiguerra]], bishop of Teano; [[Alessandro Oliva]] de Saxoferrato, the [[Superior general (Christianity)|Prior General]] of the [[Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine]] (the pope's choice, whose candidacy was much resisted); Pius' nephew [[Pope Pius III|Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini]], a [[protonotary apostolic]]; and [[Burkhard von Weisbriach]], archbishop of Salzburg. The appointment of Weisbriach was not made public until 31 May 1462, to avoid offending the foreign powers. The five cardinals whose names were published were all Italians.<ref>Eubel II, p. 13. Pastor, pp. 294-297.</ref> On 7 March 1460, Pope Pius had to write to the Duke of Burgundy, [[Philip the Good]],<ref>Duke Philip was the only ruler who had actually offered concrete aid at Mantua. Creighton (1902), [https://books.google.com/books?id=IlJLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA90 ''Historical Essays and Reviews''], p. 90.</ref> apologizing for having been unable to convince the cardinals to vote for the duke's almoner, Jean Jouffroy, bishop of Arras. He wrote that it was because the cardinals would have no [[Ultramontanism|ultramontanes]] as cardinals.<ref>Pastor III, p. 396.</ref>

Pius was recalled to Rome, reaching the city on 6 October 1460. His presence was urged by the disturbances occasioned by [[Tiburzio di Maso]], who, when captured, confessed that he had planned to overthrow the papal government and plunder the cardinals and merchants. He was executed on 31 October.<ref>Pastor III, pp. 110-112.</ref>

The European powers, however, had not ceased their pressure for the appointment of more cardinals. The cardinals, however, were insistent that there should be no creation of non-Italians. An agreement was finally reached that there would be six new cardinals, three Italians and three "ultramontani", thereby preserving the balance of power. On 18 December 1461, six cardinals were announced: [[Bartolomeo Roverella]], archbishop of Ravenna; [[Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati]], bishop of Pavia; [[Francesco Gonzaga (1444–1483)|Francesco Gonzaga]], who was only 17; [[Jean Jouffroy]], the nomination of Louis XI<ref>Pastor III, p. 137.</ref> and Philip the Good; [[Louis d'Albret]], son of the Count of Dreux; and [[Jaume Cardona]], bishop of Urgel. The name of Burkhard von Weisbriach of Salzburg was also finally published.<ref>Eubel II, pp. 13-14. Pastor III, pp. 297-300.</ref>