Editing Pope Benedict XIV (section)

===''Pastoralis Romani Pontificis''===
The apostolic constitution ''Pastoralis Romani Pontificis'',<ref>{{cite book|title=Bullarium Sanctissimi Domini Nostri Benedicti Pape Benedicti XIV Bullarium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U-0XktFfDwYC|edition=recentior, auctior, et emendatoir|volume=Tomus primus|year=1777|pages=29–34|last1=Benoît|first1=X.I.V}}</ref> which was Benedict's revision of the traditional ''[[In Coena Domini]]'' [[anathematization]], was [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] on 30 March 1741. In it Benedict again excommunicated all members of Protestant sects, including [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]], [[Calvinists]], [[Huldrych Zwingli|Zwinglians]], and [[Huguenots]]. It ordered that ecumenical councils not be resorted to by opponents of papal decisions.<ref>Item excommunicamus, et anathematizamus omnes, singulos cujuscumque gradus, seu conditionis fuerint; Universitates vero, Collegia, & Capitula quocumque ncmine nuncupentur, interdicimus, ab ordinationibus, seu mandatis Nostris. ut Romanorum Pontificum pro tempore existentium ad universale futurum Concilium appellantes; nec non eos, quorum auxilio, concilio, vel favore appellatum fuerit.</ref> Its most stringent clause was §20:<ref>{{cite book|author=G.E. Biber|title=The papal bull, 'In cœnâ Domini', translated into English. With a short historical introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=66EOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA4|year=1848|publisher=John Hatchard|location=London|pages=9–10, 17–18}}</ref>

<blockquote>We excommunicate all those who shall by themselves or others, directly or indirectly, under whatever title or pretext, presume to invade, destroy, occupy and detain, wholly or in part, the City of Rome, the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, the territories on this side of Lesina{{Clarify|Lesina the town or the lake?|date=February 2024}}, the patrimony of St. Peter in Tuscany, the [[Duchy of Spoleto]], the Counties of [[Comtat Venaissin|Venaissin]], and [[Sabina (region)|Sabina]], the [[March of Ancona]], Massa Trebaria, [[Romagna]], [[Campagna]], and the maritime provinces and their territories and places, and the territories under special commission of the Arnulfi, and our cities of Bologna, [[Cesena]], [[Rimini]], [[Benevento]], [[Perugia]], [[Avignon]], [[Città di Castello|Citta di Castello]], [[Todi]], [[Ferrara]], [[Comacchio|Comachio]], and other cities, territories and places, or rights, belonging to the Roman Church, and mediately or immediately subject to the said Roman Church; and likewise those who presume to usurp de facto, to disturb, to retain, or in various ways to trouble, the supreme jurisdiction, belonging in them to Us and to the said Roman Church; and likewise their adherents, patrons, and protectors, or those who aid, counsel or abet them in any way whatsoever.</blockquote>

This clause, if applied, excommunicated the governments of Spain, France, and the Habsburg monarchy, in addition to lesser princes who held, without papal grant or investiture, territory claimed by the Papacy. The papal bull was smiled at even by Benedict himself, who once said, "I like to leave the Vatican lightning asleep." Its application to the [[Duchy of Parma and Piacenza|Duchy of Parma]] by [[Pope Clement XIII]] in 1768 had major consequences, including the beginning of expulsions of Jesuits from European states.<ref>{{cite book|author=Owen Chadwick|title=The Popes and European Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fIo_5qn2o9kC&pg=PA366|year=1980|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-152054-9|pages=366, 369}} {{cite book|author=Dale K. Van Kley|title=Reform Catholicism and the International Suppression of the Jesuits in Enlightenment Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=euJgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT347|year=2018|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven CT|isbn=978-0-300-23561-6|pages=346–349}} {{cite book|author=Johann Friedrich Le Bret|title=Pragmatische Geschichte der Bulle " in Coena Domini" und ihren fürchterlichen Folgen für den Staat und die Kirche|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-epVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA131|volume=Erster Theil|year=1769|language=de|pages=131–133, 191–196, 212–213}}</ref>