Editing Polyvinyl chloride (section)

====Phthalates====
{{Main|Phthalate}}
The most common class of plasticizers used in PVC is phthalates, which are diesters of [[phthalic acid]].  Phthalates can be categorized as high and low, depending on their molecular weight. Low phthalates such as [[Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate]] (DEHP) and [[Dibutyl phthalate]] (DBP) have increased health risks and are generally being phased out. High-molecular-weight phthalates such as [[diisononyl phthalate]] (DINP) and [[diisodecyl phthalate]] (DIDP) are generally considered safer.<ref name="plasticisers1"/>

While DEHP has been medically approved for many years for use in medical devices, it was permanently banned for use in children's products in the US in 2008 by US Congress;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://noharm-uscanada.org/issues/us-canada/phthalates-and-dehp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630031138/https://noharm-uscanada.org/issues/us-canada/phthalates-and-dehp |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2014 |title=Phthalates and DEHP |date=29 April 2013 |publisher=Health Care Without Harm |access-date=23 July 2021 }}</ref> the PVC-DEHP combination had proved to be very suitable for making blood bags because DEHP stabilizes red blood cells, minimizing [[hemolysis]] (red blood cell rupture). However, DEHP is coming under increasing pressure in Europe. The assessment of potential risks related to phthalates, and in particular the use of DEHP in PVC medical devices, was subject to scientific and policy review by the European Union authorities, and on 21 March 2010, a specific labeling requirement was introduced across the EU for all devices containing phthalates that are classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction).<ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/emerging/docs/scenihr_o_047.pdf Opinion on The safety of medical devices containing DEHP plasticized PVC or other plasticizers on neonates and other groups possibly at risk (2015 update)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203200221/http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/emerging/docs/scenihr_o_047.pdf |date=3 February 2016 }}. Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly-Identified Health Risks (25 June 2015).</ref> The label aims to enable healthcare professionals to use this equipment safely, and, where needed, take appropriate precautionary measures for patients at risk of over-exposure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.plasticisers.org/?s=DEHP |title=You searched for DEHP - Plasticisers - Information Center |publisher=Plasticisers |date= |accessdate=2022-02-19 |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209114052/https://www.plasticisers.org/?s=DEHP |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|right|220px|[[Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate]] was a common plasticizer for PVC but is being replaced by higher molecular weight phthalates.]]