Editing Politics of Chile (section)

==Pressure groups==
Pressure groups according to the [[CIA World Factbook]]:
* Student federations at all major universities
* [[Roman Catholic Church]]
* [[Workers' United Center of Chile]] trade unionists from Chile's five largest labor confederations.

=== Advocacy for public policy change ===
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in advocating for public policy change in Chile.<ref name=":02">{{Citation |last1=Mora |first1=Claudia |title=15 Migrants' Citizenship and Rights: Limits and Potential for NGOs' Advocacy in Chile |date=2014 |work=Migration, Gender and Social Justice |volume=9 |pages=281–290 |editor-last=Truong |editor-first=Thanh-Dam |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-28012-2_15 |access-date=2024-12-12 |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-28012-2_15 |isbn=978-3-642-28011-5 |last2=Handmaker |first2=Jeff |editor2-last=Gasper |editor2-first=Des |editor3-last=Handmaker |editor3-first=Jeff |editor4-last=Bergh |editor4-first=Sylvia I.}}</ref> Certain NGOs, such as those working with migrants, have increased in Chile in the past decades. For example, one prominent NGO, Servicio Jesuita a Migrantes (SJM), conducts research in order to influence public policy. SJM has published dozens of papers with findings that ultimately influence public policy in Chile—ranging from educational access for immigrants to labor laws for immigrants.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Artículos y otros documentos de interés |url=https://sjmchile.org/incidencia-y-estudios/articulos-y-otros-documentos-de-interes/ |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=Bienvenidos a SJM Chile - Servicio Jesuita a Migrantes |language=es-CL}}</ref> In December 2024, SJM and UNICEF hosted a joint seminar on the legal regularization of migrant children in Chile.<ref name=":1" />

Other avenues of public policy advocacy include citizenship advocacy, union advocacy, and government advocacy. Unions have been especially successful at impacting public policy through strikes, collective bargaining, and legal mobilization.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gutiérrez Crocco |first=Francisca |date=August 2020 |title=Contesting the Neoliberal Order through Legal Mobilisation: The Case of Chilean Unions |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022216X20000590/type/journal_article |journal=Journal of Latin American Studies |language=en |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=575–599 |doi=10.1017/S0022216X20000590 |issn=0022-216X}}</ref> Student groups also have a strong history of impacting public policy, with perhaps the most prominent example being the 2011 student protests against neoliberal educational policies called the "Chilean Winter."<ref name="Pickett 04–09">{{Cite journal |last=Pickett |first=Samuel Harris |date=2018-12-16 |title=The Chilean Winter: A Student Revolution |url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/iujur/article/view/24207 |journal=IU Journal of Undergraduate Research |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=04–09 |doi=10.14434/iujur.v4i1.24207 |issn=2379-5611}}</ref> The United Chilean Student Confederation (CONFECH), an organization composed of various student unions, including the Student Federation of the University of Chile (FECH) and the Student Federation of Catholic University (FEUC), led this movement.<ref name="Pickett 04–09"/>

Student groups, NGOs, and other advocacy organizations all face challenges to change-making within the Chilean political system. For example, many NGOs who help migrants receive limited funding and work amongst insufficient legislation, leading them to focus primarily on the individual, care-related needs of migrants rather than focusing on fulfilling the role of advocating for the advancement of migrant rights.<ref name=":02"/> Student groups have faced similar obstacles, such as legal barriers, in the fight for public policy change in Chile.<ref>Bellei, Cristián, and Cristian Cabalin. "Chilean student movements: Sustained struggle to transform a market-oriented educational system." ''Current Issues in Comparative Education'' 15.2 (2013): 108-123.</ref> These barriers do not completely overshadow political advocates' strengths, and it is not to dismantle the successful work they have done.<ref>{{Citation |last=Migone |first=Pascuala |title=Migrant Cultures. Contributions of NGOs and Community-Based Organizations to Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in Santiago, Chile |date=2020 |work=Cultural Commons and Urban Dynamics: A Multidisciplinary Perspective |pages=221–240 |editor-last=Macrì |editor-first=Emanuela |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-54418-8_14 |access-date=2024-12-12 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-54418-8_14 |isbn=978-3-030-54418-8 |editor2-last=Morea |editor2-first=Valeria |editor3-last=Trimarchi |editor3-first=Michele}}</ref>