Editing Philippine eagle (section)

===Diet===
The Philippine eagle was known initially as the Philippine monkey-eating eagle because it was believed to feed on monkeys almost exclusively.<ref name=RaptorsWorld/> The only two monkeys native to the Philippines are [[Philippine long-tailed macaque]] and [[Crab-eating macaque#Taxonomy|common long-tailed macaque]]s, both are subspecies of [[crab-eating macaque]] and weighing {{convert|4.7|to|8.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in males and {{convert|2.5|to|5.7|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in females.<ref>Cawthon Lang KA. 2006 January 6. Primate Factsheets: Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology . <http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/long-tailed_macaque/taxon>. Accessed 2020 July 17.</ref> Though Philippine eagles do prey on these monkeys, they are an opportunist [[apex predator]], taking prey based on their local level of abundance and ease.<ref name= Hokkaido/> This misconception may have come from the first examined specimen which was found to have undigested pieces of a monkey in its stomach.<ref name="Hokkaido">{{cite web |title=PHILIPPINE EAGLE |url=http://birdbase.hokkaido-ies.go.jp/rdb/rdb_en/pithjeff.pdf |access-date=4 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010020517/http://birdbase.hokkaido-ies.go.jp/rdb/rdb_en/pithjeff.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2008 |pages=14–16 }}</ref>

Prey specimens found at the eagle's nest have ranged in size from a small bat weighing {{convert|10|g|oz|abbr=on}} to a [[Philippine deer]] weighing {{convert|14|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name= Hokkaido/> The primary prey is usually the [[tree squirrel]]-sized [[Philippine flying lemur]]s, which can make up an estimated 90% of the [[Bird of prey|raptor's]] diet in some locations.<ref name=" Chandler "/> However, primary prey species vary from island to island depending on species availability, particularly in Luzon and Mindanao, because the islands are in different faunal regions. For example, flying lemurs are preferred prey in Mindanao, but are absent in Luzon.<ref name=" Yearbook "/> The primary prey for the eagles seen in Luzon are [[Crab-eating macaque#Taxonomy|macaque]]s, reptiles, and [[Northern Luzon giant cloud rat]] (''Phloeomys pallidus'') which can weigh twice as much as flying lemurs at {{convert|2|to|2.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name= Hokkaido/><ref name=" Chandler "/> In many regions, [[civet]]s are taken as supplemental prey, mainly cat-sized [[Asian palm civet]]s (''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus'') but occasionally larger [[Malay civet]]s (''Viverra tangalunga'').<ref name= Hokkaido/><ref name = Concepcion>Concepcion, C., Sulapas, M., & Ibañez, J. C. (2006). Notes on food habits and breeding and nestling behavior of Philippine Eagles in Mount Apo Natural Park, Mindanao, Philippines. Banwa, 3(1), 81–95.</ref><ref name = Abaño>Abaño, TATIANA ROSE C., D. J. Salvador, and Jayson C. Ibanez. "First nesting record of Philippine eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi from Luzon, Philippines, with notes on diet and breeding biology." Forktail 32 (2016): 86–88.</ref><ref name =Ibañez>Ibañez, Jayson C., et al. "Notes on the breeding behavior of a Philippine eagle pair at Mount Sinaka, Central Mindanao." The Wilson Bulletin 115.3 (2003): 333–336.</ref> Other mammalian prey can include [[flying squirrel]]s, [[tree squirrel]]s, [[Pteropus|flying foxes]], [[rat]]s and [[Philippine mouse-deer|mouse-deer]].<ref name= Hokkaido/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Pithecophaga_jefferyi/ | title=Pithecophaga jefferyi (Great Philippine eagle) | website=[[Animal Diversity Web]] }}</ref> Birds are also taken, including large species such as [[owl]]s, [[hawk]]s and [[hornbill]]s.<ref name=RaptorsWorld/> Reptiles occasionally form a large part of their diet, [[snake]]s such as ''[[Ptyas luzonensis]]'' and ''[[Gonyosoma oxycephalum]]'' are mainly taken.<ref name = Abaño/> Venomous [[pit viper]]s (Viperidae) are also taken as prey, and in one instance, a breeding pair delivered a [[Philippine cobra]] (''Naja philippinensis'') to the nest.<ref name = Concepcion/><ref name =Ibañez/> [[Monitor lizard]]s, including [[marbled water monitor]]s (''Varanus marmoratus'') and  even larger [[Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor]]s (''Varanus bitatawa'') have been taken.<ref name = Abaño/><ref name= Hokkaido/> While most of the prey consists of wild prey, they have been reported to capture [[domestic fowl]]s (''Gallus gallus domesticus''), [[cat]]s (''Felis catus''), young [[pig]]s (''Sus domesticus'') and small [[dog]]s (''Canis familiaris'').<ref name= Hokkaido/><ref name=" Chandler "/><ref name = Abaño/><ref name = Concepcion/>

Philippine eagles primarily use two hunting techniques. One is still-hunting, in which it watches for prey activity while sitting almost motionlessly on a branch near the canopy. The other is perch-hunting, which entails periodically gliding from one perch to another. While perch-hunting, they often work their way gradually down from the canopy down the branches, and if not successful in finding prey in their initial foray, they fly or circle back up to the top of the trees to work them again. Eagles in Mindanao often find success using the latter method while hunting flying lemurs, since they are nocturnal animals that try to use camouflage to protect themselves by day.<ref name=RaptorsWorld/> Eagle pairs sometimes hunt troops of monkeys cooperatively, with one bird perching nearby to distract the primates, allowing the other to swoop in from behind, hopefully unnoticed, for the kill.<ref name=RaptorsWorld/><ref name=" Chandler "/> Since the native macaque is aggressive and often around the same size as the eagle itself or even larger, up to {{convert|9|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in adult males, it is a potentially hazardous prey, and an eagle has been reported to suffer a broken leg after it struggled and fell along with a large male monkey.<ref name= Hokkaido/>