Editing Peninsular War (section)

===Iberia in revolt===
{{further|Dos de Mayo Uprising}}

On 2 May, the citizens of Madrid [[Dos de Mayo Uprising|rebelled]] against the French occupation; the uprising was put down by Joachim Murat's elite Imperial Guard and [[Mamluk]] cavalry, which crashed into the city and trampled the rioters.{{sfn|Chandler|1995|p=610}} In addition, the [[Mamelukes of the Imperial Guard]] of Napoleon fought residents of Madrid, wearing turbans and using curved scimitars, thus provoking memories of [[Muslim Spain]].{{sfn|Fremont-Barnes|2002|p=71}} The next day, as immortalized by [[Francisco Goya]] in his painting ''[[The Third of May 1808]]'', the French army shot hundreds of Madrid's citizens. Similar reprisals occurred in other cities and continued for days. Bloody, spontaneous fighting known as ''[[guerrilla]]'' (literally "little war") broke out in much of Spain against the French as well as the [[Ancien Régime]]'s officials. Although the Spanish government, including the [[Council of Castile]], had accepted Napoleon's decision to grant the Spanish crown to his brother, [[Joseph Bonaparte]], the Spanish population rejected Napoleon's plans.{{sfn|Esdaile|2003|pp=302–303}} The first wave of uprisings were in [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]] and [[Valencia]] on 23 May; [[Zaragoza]] and [[Murcia]] on 24 May; and the province of [[Asturias]], which cast out its French governor on 25 May and declared war on Napoleon. Within weeks, all the Spanish provinces followed suit.{{sfn|Gates|2009|p=12}} After hearing of the Spanish uprising, Portugal erupted in revolt in June. A French detachment under [[Louis Henri Loison]] crushed the rebels at [[Battle of Évora (1808)|Évora]] on 29 July and massacred the town's population.

The deteriorating strategic situation led France to increase its military commitments. By 1&nbsp;June, over 65,000 troops were rushing into the country to control the crisis.{{sfn|Gates|2002|p=162}} The main French army of 80,000 held a narrow strip of central Spain from [[Pamplona]] and [[San Sebastián]] in the north to Madrid and [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] in the centre. The French in Madrid sheltered behind an additional 30,000 troops under Marshal [[Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey]]. [[Jean-Andoche Junot]]'s corps in Portugal was cut off by {{convert|300|mi|km}} of hostile territory, but within days of the outbreak of revolt, French columns in Old Castile, [[New Castile (Spain)|New Castile]], Aragon and [[Catalonia]] were searching for the insurgent forces.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
File:El Crit del Palleter.jpg|[[Joaquín Sorolla]]: ''[[Valencia]]ns prepare to [[Battle of Valencia (1808)|resist]] the invaders'' (by [[Joaquín Sorolla]], 1884)
File:Dos de mayo, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|Second of May 1808: [[Pedro Velarde y Santillán|the defenders of Monteleón]] make their [[last stand]] (by [[Joaquín Sorolla]], 1884)
File:El dos de mayo de 1808 en Madrid rdit.jpg|''[[The Second of May 1808]]'' (by [[Francisco Goya|Goya]], 1814)
File:El Tres de Mayo, by Francisco de Goya, from Prado thin black margin.jpg|''[[The Third of May 1808]]'' French soldiers execute civilians (by [[Francisco Goya|Goya]], 1814)
</gallery>