Editing Peenemünde Army Research Center (section)

==Operation Crossbow==
{{See also|Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II|V-1 and V-2 Intelligence}}
Two Polish janitors<ref name="Garlinski">
{{cite book |last=Garliński |first=Józef |author-link=Józef Garliński |title=Hitler's Last Weapons: The Underground War against the V1 and V2 |year=1978 |publisher=Times Books |location=New York |pages=52, 82 }}</ref>{{Rp|52}} of Peenemünde's Camp Trassenheide in early 1943<ref name="Garlinski" />{{Rp|52}} provided maps,<ref>{{cite web |title=Poland's Contribution in the Field of Intelligence to the Victory in the Second World War |url=http://users.rcn.com/salski/No05-06Folder/Jedd-Poland-Contribution.htm |access-date=November 9, 2008 |archive-date=September 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924103459/http://users.rcn.com/salski/No05-06Folder/Jedd-Poland-Contribution.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sketches and reports to [[Home Army|Polish Home Army Intelligence]], and in June 1943 British intelligence had received two such reports which identified the "rocket assembly hall", "experimental pit", and "launching tower".<ref name="Irving" />{{Rp|139}} The Allies also received information about the [[V-1 flying bomb|V-1]] and [[V-2 rocket]]s and the production sites from the Austrian resistance group around the priest [[Heinrich Maier]]. The group later discovered by the Gestapo was in contact with [[Allen Dulles]], the head of the US secret service OSS in Switzerland, and informed him about the research in Peenemünde.<ref>Peter Broucek "Die österreichische Identität im Widerstand 1938–1945" (2008), p 163.</ref><ref>Hansjakob Stehle "Die Spione aus dem Pfarrhaus (German: The spy from the rectory)" In: Die Zeit, January 5, 1996.</ref><ref>Christoph Thurner "The CASSIA Spy Ring in World War II Austria: A History of the OSS's Maier-Messner Group" (2017), pp 187.</ref>

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 141-1880, Peenemünde, Start einer V2.jpg|thumb|upright|V-2 launch in Peenemünde (1943)]]
[[File:Fusée V2.jpg|thumb|upright|V2 in the Peenemünde Museum]]
As the opening attack of the British [[Operation Crossbow|Crossbow operations]] against German rocket weapons, the [[Operation Hydra (1943)|Operation Hydra]] bombing raid attacked the HVP's "Sleeping & Living Quarters" (to specifically target scientists), then the "Factory Workshops", and finally the "Experimental Station"<ref name="GlobalSecurity">{{cite web |title=Peenemünde - 1943 |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/ops/peenemunde.htm |work=Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=November 15, 2006 |archive-date=December 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204035415/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/ops/peenemunde.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> on the night of August 17/18, 1943.<ref>{{cite book |last=Warsitz |first=Lutz |url=http://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/?product_id=1762 |title=The First Jet Pilot - The Story of German Test Pilot Erich Warsitz |page=63 |publisher=Pen and Sword Books Ltd. |location=England |date=2009 |access-date=October 30, 2009 |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223101/http://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/?product_id=1762 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Polish janitors were given advance warning of the attack, but the workers could not leave due to SS security and the facility had no air raid shelters for the prisoners.<ref name="Garlinski" />{{Rp|82}} Fifteen British and Canadian airmen who were killed on the raid were buried by the Germans in unmarked graves within the secure perimeter. Their recovery at the end of the war was prevented by the Russians authorities and the bodies remain there to this day.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=McLeod |first1=Mike |last2=Feast |first2=Sean |title=The Lost Graves of Peenemünde |publisher=Fighting High Publications |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-9998128-9-8 |location=London }}</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2022}}

A year later on July 18,<ref>Neufeld. 247</ref> August 4,<ref name="Huzel" />{{Rp|111}} and August 25,<ref name="Irving" />{{Rp|273}} the U.S. [[Eighth Air Force]]<ref name="Ordway" />{{Rp|141}} conducted three additional Peenemünde raids to counter suspected hydrogen peroxide production.<ref>Irving. 273,309</ref>