Editing Paul Cézanne (section)

===Exhibition at ''Les XX'' 1890 and first solo exhibition in Paris in 1895===
[[File:Paul Cézanne - Le moulin sur la Couleuvre à Pontoise - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''Le moulin sur la Couleuvre à Pontoise'']]
Cézanne lived in Paris and increasingly in Aix without his family. Renoir visited him there in January 1888 and they worked together in Jas de Bouffan's studio. In 1890, Cézanne developed [[diabetes]]; the illness made it even more difficult for him to deal with his fellow human beings. Cézanne spent a few months in Switzerland with her and his son Paul in the hope that the troubled relationship with Hortense could be stabilized. The attempt failed, so he returned to Provence, with Hortense and Paul ''fils'' going to Paris. Financial need prompted Hortense's return to Provence but in separate living quarters. Cézanne moved in with his mother and sister. In 1891 he turned to Catholicism.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=237qAAAAMAAJ&q=c%C3%A9zanne,+1891+Catholicism Susan Sidlauskas, ''Cézanne's Other: The Portraits of Hortense''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228171502/https://books.google.com/books?id=237qAAAAMAAJ&q=c%C3%A9zanne,+1891+Catholicism&dq=c%C3%A9zanne,+1891+Catholicism&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia99qQyN_YAhWEPBQKHXBzBfEQ6AEIKTAA |date=28 December 2019 }}, University of California Press, 2009, p. 240, {{ISBN|0520257456}}</ref>

In the same year he exhibited three of his works at the group ''[[Les XX]]'' in Brussels. The Société des Vingt, short Les XX or Les Vingt, was an association founded around 1883 by Belgian artists or artists living in Belgium, including [[Fernand Khnopff]], [[Théo van Rysselberghe]], [[James Ensor]] and the siblings [[Anna Boch|Anna]] and [[Eugène Boch]].

[[File:Cezanne Ambroise Vollard.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (Cézanne)|Portrait of Ambroise Vollard]]'', 1899, [[Petit Palais]], Paris]]
In May 1895 he attended Monet's exhibition at the [[Durand-Ruel]] Gallery with Pissarro. He was enthusiastic but later, significantly, identified 1868 as Monet's strongest period, when he was even more influenced by Courbet. With his fellow student from the Académie Suisse, Achille Emperaire, Cézanne went to the area around the village of [[Le Tholonet]], where he lived in the "Château Noir", which is located on the [[Montagne Sainte-Victoire]]. He often took the mountains as a theme in his paintings. He rented a hut at the nearby Bibémus quarry; Bibémus became another motif for his paintings.

[[Ambroise Vollard]], an aspiring gallery owner, opened Cézanne's first one-man show in November 1895. In his gallery, he showed a selection of 50 of around 150 works that Cézanne had sent him as a package. Vollard met Degas and Renoir in 1894 when he was exhibiting a bundle of Manet in his small shop, and they exchanged Manet works for their own works with him. Vollard also established relationships with [[Pierre Bonnard]] and [[Édouard Vuillard]], and in the same year the well-known paint dealer [[Julien Tanguy (art dealer)|Père Tanguy]]. When Tanguy died, Vollard was able to buy works by three artists who were still unknown at the time: Cézanne, Gauguin and van Gogh. The first buyer of a Cézanne painting was Monet, followed by colleagues like Degas, Renoir, Pissarro and later art collectors. Prices for works by Cézanne rose a hundredfold and Vollard, as always, profited from his stocks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Der Mann, der Cézanne entdeckte|periodical=|publisher=Die Zeit|url=http://www.zeit.de/2006/49/Der_Mann_der_Cezanne_entdeckte|url-status=live|format=|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926170239/https://www.zeit.de/2006/49/Der_Mann_der_Cezanne_entdeckte|archive-date=26 September 2018|last=Tobias Timm|date=30 November 2006|language=|pages=|quote=}}</ref>

In 1897, a Cézanne painting was purchased by a museum for the first time. [[Hugo von Tschudi]] acquired Cézanne's landscape painting ''The Mill on the Couleuvre near Pontoise'' in the Durand-Ruel Gallery for the [[Berlin National Gallery]].

Cézanne's mother died on 25 October 1897. In November 1899, at the insistence of his sister, he sold the now practically deserted property "Jas de Bouffan" and moved into a small city apartment at 23, Rue Boulegon in Aix-en-Provence; the planned purchase of the “Château Noir” property could not be realized. He hired a housekeeper, Mme Bremond, to look after him until his death.