Editing Pan-Slavism (section)

== Modern-day developments ==
[[File:European Union and Slavic countries.svg|thumb|300px|Map of the European Union and [[Slavic people|Slavic speaking countries]]. Slavic countries in the EU in royal blue, other EU countries in teal and non-EU Slavic countries in medium blue.]]
The authentic idea of the unity of the Slavic people was all but gone after [[World War I]] when the maxim "[[Treaty of Versailles|Versailles]] and [[Treaty of Trianon|Trianon]] have put an end to all Slavisms".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AsO_M5SaxDgC&dq=%22west+slavs%22&pg=PA2 Comparative Slavic Studies] Volume 6, by [[Roman Jakobson]]</ref> During the [[Cold War]], all Slavic peoples were in union under the dominance of the USSR, but pan-Slavism was rejected as reactionary to Communist ideals, and this unity was largely put to rest with the [[Revolutions of 1989|fall of communism]] in Central and Eastern Europe in the late 1980s, leading to the breakup of federal states such as [[Czechoslovakia]] and [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Background of the Soviet-Yugoslav Dispute |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1404636 |access-date=30 July 2022 |journal=The Review of Politics|jstor=1404636 |last1=Ulam |first1=Adam B. |year=1951 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=39–63 |doi=10.1017/S0034670500046878 |s2cid=146474329 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2008 |title=Former Yugoslavia 101: The Balkans Breakup |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=19148459&t=1659202710133 |access-date=30 June 2022 |website=NPR}}</ref>
Varying relations between the Slavic countries exist nowadays; they range from mutual respect on equal footing and sympathy towards one another through traditional dislike and enmity, to indifference. No forms, other than culture and heritage oriented organizations, are currently considered forms of rapprochement among the countries with Slavic origins.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Degeneration of 'Pan-Slavism' |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3483821 |access-date=30 July 2022 |journal=The American Journal of Economics and Sociology|jstor=3483821 |last1=Guins |first1=George C. |year=1948 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=50–59 |doi=10.1111/j.1536-7150.1948.tb00729.x }}</ref> The political parties which include Pan-Slavism as part of their program usually live on the fringe of the political spectrum, or are part of controlled and systemic opposition in [[Belarus]], [[Russia]] and [[Russian-occupied territories|occupied territories]], as part of an irredentist [[Russian irredentism|pan-slavist campaign by Russia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Pan-Slavism and European Politics |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2142012.pdf |access-date=30 July 2022 |journal=Political Science Quarterly|jstor=2142012 |last1=Levine |first1=Louis |year=1914 |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=664–686 |doi=10.2307/2142012 }}</ref><ref name="Duleba">"In other words, the Pan-Slavic resentment is not strange to the Russian Eurasianists, however, this is prevailingly limited to the post-Soviet space. Therein lies the difference between the Eurasians and the Russian radical nationalists in their contemporary attitude to Pan-Slavism. Radical nationalists are the only ones who follow up with the tradition and ideational message of the Central- and South-European Pan-Slavism of the tsarist Russia. Pan-Slavism serves as their tool for demonstrating decisive anti-Western attitudes and as an "historical" folklore employed in domestic-political battles, which sound so sweet to the Russian ear. The ideas of Pan-Slavism only find some echo with the part of some Serbian and partly Slovak nationalists" Alexander Duleba, "From Domination to Partnership - The perspectives of Russian-Central-East European Relations", Final Report to the [[NATO]] Research Fellowship Program, 1996-1998 [http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/96-98/duleba.pdf]</ref>

A political concept of Euro-Slavism evolved from the idea that [[European integration]] will solve issues of Slavic peoples and promote peace, unity and cooperation on equal terms within the [[European Union]].<ref name="Wagner">{{Citation |last=Wagner|first=Lukas|title=The EU's Russian Roulette |year=2009 |publisher=University of Tampere|location=Tampere |url=https://tampub.uta.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/81047/gradu03888.pdf?sequence=1 |accessdate=19 March 2017|pages = 74–78, 85–90}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Morávek|first=Štefan|title=Patriotizmus a šovinizmus |year=2007 |publisher=Government Office of the Slovak Republic|location=Bratislava |url=http://www.akademickyrepozitar.sk/sk/repozitar/europska-idea-a-slovenska-politika-po-roku-2002.pdf |language=sk|accessdate=19 March 2017|page = 97|isbn=978-80-88707-99-8}}</ref> The concept seeks to resist strong [[multiculturalism|multicultural]] tendencies from [[Western Europe]], the dominant position of [[Germany]], opposes [[Slavophilia]], and typically encourages [[democracy]] and democratic values. Many Euroslavists believe it is possible to unite Slavic communities without exclusion of Russia from the [[Culture of Europe|European cultural area]],<ref>{{cite book| last = Lukeš| first = Igor| title = Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler| publisher = Oxford University Press| place = New York| year = 1996| isbn = 0-19-510266-5| page = 5}}</ref> but are also opposed to [[Russophilia]] and concepts of Slavs under [[Russian irredentism|Russian domination and irredentism]].<ref name="Wagner" /> It is considered a modern form of [[Austro-Slavism|Austro-Slavist]] and [[Neo-Slavism|Neo-Slavist]] movements.<ref>{{Citation| contribution = Austro-Slavism| year = 2002| title = Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture| editor1-last = Magcosi| editor1-first = Robert| editor2-last = Pop| editor2-first = Ivan| pages = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofru0000mago/page/21 21]| place = Toronto| publisher = University of Toronto Press| isbn = 0-8020-3566-3| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofru0000mago/page/21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last = Mikulášek| first = Alexej|title=Ke koexistenci slovanských a židovských kultur|language=cs|url=http://www.obrys-kmen.cz/archivok/ucs/sss.html#5|accessdate=19 March 2017|year=2014|publisher=Union of Czech Writers}}</ref> Their origins date back to the middle of the 19th century, being first proposed by Czech liberal politician [[Karel Havlíček Borovský]] in 1846, when it was refined into a provisional political program by Czech politician [[František Palacký]] and completed by the first President of Czechoslovakia [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]] in his work ''New Europe: Slavic Viewpoint''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Masaryk|first=Tomáš G.|authorlink=Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk|title=Nová Evropa: stanovisko slovanské |year=2016 |edition=5 |publisher=Ústav T.G. Masaryka |location=Prague |language=cs |isbn=978-80-86142-55-5}}</ref>