Editing Pacific Northwest (section)

===Early settlements===
[[File:View of New Archangel, 1837.tif|thumb|right|New Archangel (present-day [[Sitka, Alaska]]), the capital of Russian America]]
Noteworthy Russian settlements still in place include: [[Unalaska]] (1774), [[Kodiak, Alaska|Kodiak]] (1791), and [[Sitka, Alaska|Sitka]] (1804) making them the oldest permanent non-Indigenous settlements in the Pacific Northwest. Temporary Spanish settlement [[Santa Cruz de Nuca]] (1789–1795) held on a few years at [[Nootka Sound]].

Other early occupation non-Indigenous settlements of interest, either long lasting or still in place, built and operated by either the [[North West Company]], the [[Pacific Fur Company]] or the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] include: [[Fort St. James|Fort Saint-James]] (1806; oldest in British Columbia west of the Rockies), [[Fort Astoria]] (1811; oldest in Oregon), [[Fort Nez Percés]] (1818), [[Fort Alexandria]] (1821), [[Fort Vancouver]] (1824), [[Fort Langley]] (1827; oldest in southern British Columbia), [[Fort Nisqually]] (1833), and [[Fort Victoria (British Columbia)|Fort Victoria]] (1843).

Also of interest are the first mixed ancestry settlements sometimes referred as Métis settlements or French Canadian settlements. Native and newly arrived "half-breeds" (born out of "Europeans" and Indigenous alliances), local and newly arrived Indigenous people as well as "French Canadians" all issued of the fur trade were all able to peacefully coexist. Small scale farming occurred. Catholic missions and churches thrived for many years. These first settlements were: [[French Prairie]], [[Frenchtown, Washington|Frenchtown]] near Walla Walla, [[Cowlitz Prairie]] (Washington), [[French Settlement, Oregon|French Settlement]] (Oregon) and [[Frenchtown, Montana|Frenchtown]] near Missoula. Most mixed ancestry people ended up resettled in or around Indigenous reserves during the subsequent period, or otherwise assimilating in the mainstream.<ref>Barman, Jean ''French Canadians, Furs, and Indigenous Women in the Making of the Pacific Northwest''. UBC Press. Vancouver 2014. Chapter 7 and Part 3: Beyond the fur economy</ref>