Editing PAL (section)

==== Colorimetry ====
PAL colorimetry, as defined by the ITU on REC-BT.470, and based on [[CIE 1931 color space|CIE 1931]] x,y coordinates:<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-6 - Conventional Television Systems |url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.470-6-199811-S!!PDF-E.pdf |access-date=19 January 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121001941/https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.470-6-199811-S!!PDF-E.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ PAL colorimetry
! rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="3" | Standard
! rowspan="3" | Year
! rowspan="3" | [[Standard illuminant#White points of standard illuminants|White point]]
! colspan="6" | [[Primary color|Primaries]]
! rowspan="3" | Display [[Gamma correction|gamma]] [[Transfer functions in imaging|EOTF]]
|-
! colspan="2" | Red
! colspan="2" | Green
! colspan="2" | Blue
|-
! xʀ
! yʀ
! xɢ
! yɢ
! xʙ
! yʙ
|-
! PAL
| [[European Broadcasting Union|EBU]] 3213-E, [[Rec. 601|ITU-R BT.470/601 (B/G)]]
| 1970
| [[Standard illuminant#Illuminant series D|D65]]
| 0.64
| 0.33
| 0.29
| 0.6
| 0.15
| 0.06
| 2.8
|-
! PAL-M
| BT.470-6<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=Recommendation ITU-R BT.470-6 - Conventional Television Systems, p.16 |url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.470-6-199811-S!!PDF-E.pdf#page=16 |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121001941/https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.470-6-199811-S!!PDF-E.pdf#page=16 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| 1972
| [[Standard illuminant#Illuminants B and C|C]]
| 0.67
| 0.33
| 0.21
| 0.71
| 0.14
| 0.08
| 2.2
|}

The assumed [[Gamma correction|display gamma]] is defined as 2.8.<ref name="auto"/> The [[PAL-M]] system uses color primary and gamma values similar to NTSC.<ref name="auto2" /> Color is encoded using the [[Y′UV|YUV]] color space.

[[Luma (video)|Luma]] (<math>E'{\scriptstyle\text{Y}}</math>) is derived from red, green, and blue (<math>E'{\scriptstyle\text{R}}, E'{\scriptstyle\text{G}}, E'{\scriptstyle\text{B}}</math>) gamma pre-corrected (<math>E'</math>) primary signals:<!-- p20 --><ref name="deetc_isel_ipl_pt-ch08" />
* <math>E'{\scriptstyle\text{Y}}= 0.299E'{\scriptstyle\text{R}} + 0.587E'{\scriptstyle\text{G}} + 0.114E'{\scriptstyle\text{B}}</math>

<math>E'{\scriptstyle\text{U}}</math> and <math>E'{\scriptstyle\text{V}}</math> are used to transmit [[chrominance]]. Each has a typical bandwidth of 1.3&nbsp;MHz.
* <math>E'{\scriptstyle\text{U}} = 0.492(E'{\scriptstyle\text{B}}-E'{\scriptstyle\text{Y}})</math>
* <math>E'{\scriptstyle\text{V}} = 0.877(E'{\scriptstyle\text{R}}-E'{\scriptstyle\text{Y}})</math>

Composite PAL signal <math>= E'{\scriptstyle\text{Y}} + E'{\scriptstyle\text{U}} \sin (\omega t) + E'{\scriptstyle\text{V}} \cos (\omega t) +</math>timing<!-- p21 --><ref name="deetc_isel_ipl_pt-ch08" /> where <math>\omega = 2\pi F_{SC}</math>.

Subcarrier frequency <math>F_{SC}</math> is 4.43361875&nbsp;MHz (±5&nbsp;Hz) for PAL-B/D/G/H/I/N.