Editing Ottawa (section)

===Post–Second World War===
[[File:VEDaySparksStreet1945.jpg|V-Day, downtown Ottawa in 1945, to mark the end of [[World War II]]|thumb]]
[[File:Ottawagreenbelt.PNG|Greber plan's [[Greenbelt (Ottawa)|National Capital Greenbelt]] surrounding the urban core|thumb]]
[[File:John G. Diefenbaker Building 2014 p3.jpg|thumb|The [[John G. Diefenbaker Building]] was Ottawa's fourth city hall, from 1958 [[Ottawa City Hall|until 2001.]]]]

Ottawa's former industrial appearance was vastly altered by the 1950 [[Greber Plan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=James |title=Ottawa the Beautiful: The Gréber Report |url=https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/changes-in-the-city-s-landscape/ottawa-the-beautiful-the-greber-report |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=The Historical Society of Ottawa |language=en-gb |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202082900/https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/changes-in-the-city-s-landscape/ottawa-the-beautiful-the-greber-report |url-status=live}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Mackenzie King]] hired French architect-planner [[Jacques Greber]] to design an urban plan for managing development in the National Capital Region, to make it more aesthetically pleasing and a location more befitting for Canada's political centre.<ref name="The Gréber Report">{{cite web |title=The Gréber Report |url=http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/arts-culture-and-community/museums-and-heritage/witness-change-visions-andrews-newton-7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075840/http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/arts-culture-and-community/museums-and-heritage/witness-change-visions-andrews-newton-7 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |work=ottawa.ca}}</ref><ref name="Planners">{{cite web |title=Planners Over Time |url=http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16300-20443-29365-23553&lang=1&bhcp=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114124357/http://www.canadascapital.gc.ca/bins/ncc_web_content_page.asp?cid=16300-20443-29365-23553&lang=1&bhcp=1 |archive-date=14 November 2011 |access-date=1 November 2009 |publisher=[[National Capital Commission]]}}</ref> Greber's plan included the creation of the [[Greenbelt (Ottawa)|National Capital Greenbelt]], the [[Kichi Zibi Mikan]] and the [[Queensway (Ottawa)|Queensway]] highway system. His plan also called for changes in institutions such as moving downtown Union Station (now the [[Senate of Canada Building]]) to the suburbs, the removal of the street car system, the decentralization of selected government offices, the relocation of industries and removal of substandard housing from the downtown. The plan also recommended the creation of the Rideau Canal and Ottawa River pathways.<ref name="The Gréber Report" /><ref name="Erickson2006">{{cite book |author=Donna L. Erickson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LR5iIX__3OoC&pg=PA113 |title=MetroGreen: connecting open space in North American cities |publisher=Island Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-55963-843-2 |page=113 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512190337/https://books.google.com/books?id=LR5iIX__3OoC&pg=PA113 |archive-date=12 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Keshen|St-Onge|2001|p=360}}

In 1958, the [[National Capital Commission]] was established as a [[Crown Corporation]] through the National Capital Act. The commission's original mission was to implement the Greber Plan recommendations conducted during the 1960s and 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://ncc-ccn.gc.ca/about-us |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=NCC-CCN |language=en |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303190927/https://ncc-ccn.gc.ca/about-us |url-status=live}}</ref> This marked the creation of a permanent political infrastructure for managing the [[capital region]]. Prior attempts to do so in the previous 50 years had been temporary. These included plans from the 1899 Ottawa Improvement Commission (OIC), the Todd Plan in 1903, the Holt Report in 1915 and the Federal District Commission (FDC) established in 1927 with a 16-year mandate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncc-ccn.gc.ca/about-ncc |title=About the NCC |access-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128030922/http://www.ncc-ccn.gc.ca/about-ncc |archive-date=28 January 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1054 THE ANNUAL REGISTER, 1927 Federal District Commission.—The Federal District Commission, replacing the Ottawa Improvement |url=http://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1927-28/192710961054_p.%25201054.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221214912/https://www66.statcan.gc.ca/eng/1927-28/192710961054_p.%201054.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 December 2018 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=www66.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>

From 1931 to 1958, City Hall had been at the [[Transportation Building (Ottawa)|Transportation Building]] adjacent to Union Station (now part of the [[CF Rideau Centre|Rideau Centre]]). In 1958, a new [[Old City Hall (Ottawa)|City Hall]] opened on Green Island near Rideau Falls, where urban renewal had recently transformed this industrial location into a green space.{{sfn|Taylor|1986|pp=186–194}} In 2001, [[Ottawa City Hall]] returned downtown to a 1990 building on 110 Laurier Avenue West, the home of the now-defunct [[Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton]]. This new location was close to Ottawa's [[First City Hall (Ottawa)|first (1849–1877)]] and [[Second City Hall (Ottawa)|second (1877–1931)]] City Halls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Islands of Ottawa: Green Island a historical microcosm of the city |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/islands-of-ottawa-green-island-a-historical-microcosm-of-the-city |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=ottawacitizen |language=en-CA |archive-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026060247/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/islands-of-ottawa-green-island-a-historical-microcosm-of-the-city |url-status=live}}</ref> This new city hall complex also contained an adjacent 19th-century restored heritage building formerly known as the [[Ottawa Normal School]].{{sfn|Taylor|1986|pp=186–194}}

From the 1960s to the 1980s, there was a large increase in construction in the National Capital Region,{{sfn|Hale|2011|p=217}} which was followed by large growth in the [[high-tech]] industry during the 1990s and 2000s.<ref name="Shavinina2004">{{cite book |author=Larisa V. Shavinina |title=Silicon Valley North: A High-tech Cluster of Innovation And Entrepreneurship |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSjv-acTkoUC&pg=PR15 |year=2004 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-044457-4 |page=15 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504120907/https://books.google.com/books?id=cSjv-acTkoUC&pg=PR15 |archive-date=4 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ottawa became one of Canada's largest high-tech cities and was nicknamed Silicon Valley North. By the 1980s, Bell Northern Research (later [[Nortel]]) employed thousands, and large federally assisted research facilities such as the [[National Research Council (Canada)|National Research Council]] contributed to an eventual technology boom. The early companies led to newer firms such as [[Newbridge Networks]], [[Mitel]] and [[Corel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=National Research Council |date=19 March 2019 |title=NRC's innovative people profiles |url=https://nrc.canada.ca/en/corporate/history/nrcs-innovative-people-profiles |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=nrc.canada.ca |archive-date=1 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201030121/https://nrc.canada.ca/en/corporate/history/nrcs-innovative-people-profiles |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=CBC News Ottawa |date=29 June 2009 |title=Is Ottawa still Silicon Valley North? |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/is-ottawa-still-silicon-valley-north-1.801035 |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813201230/https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/is-ottawa-still-silicon-valley-north-1.801035 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1991, provincial and federal governments responded to a [[land claim]] submitted by the Algonquins of Ontario regarding the unceded status of the land on which Ottawa is situated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Algonquin land claim |url=http://www.ontario.ca/page/algonquin-land-claim |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=ontario.ca |language=en |archive-date=26 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326095148/https://www.ontario.ca/page/algonquin-land-claim |url-status=live}}</ref> Negotiations have been ongoing, with an eventual goal to sign a treaty that would release Canada from claims for misuse of land under Algonquin [[Aboriginal title|title]], affirm rights of the Algonquins, and negotiate conditions of the title transfer.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Algonquins of Ontario |last2=Government of Ontario |last3=Government of Canada |title=Agreement in Principle |url=https://docs.ontario.ca/documents/4668/maa-proposed-aip-en.pdf |page=2.3.5 |access-date=13 July 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714034324/https://docs.ontario.ca/documents/4668/maa-proposed-aip-en.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

Ottawa's city limits have expanded over time, including a large expansion effective 1 January 2001, when the province of [[Ontario]] amalgamated all the constituent municipalities of the [[Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton]] into a single city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_99c14e_e.htm#BK3 |title=City of Ottawa Act, 1999, Chapter 14, Schedule E |publisher=Service Ontario/Legislative Assembly of Ontario |year=2010 |access-date=29 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808101635/http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_99c14e_e.htm#BK3 |archive-date=8 August 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Regional Chair [[Bob Chiarelli]] was elected as the new city's first mayor in the [[2000 Ottawa municipal election|2000 municipal election]], defeating [[Gloucester, Ontario|Gloucester]] mayor Claudette Cain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Municipal Elections |url=https://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Canada/mun00.html |access-date=10 July 2022 |website=pdba.georgetown.edu |archive-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620035602/http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Canada/mun00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The city's growth led to strains on the public transit system and road bridges. On 15 October 2001, a diesel-powered [[light rail transit]] (LRT) line was introduced on an experimental basis. Known today as the [[Trillium Line]], it was dubbed the [[O-Train]] and connected [[downtown Ottawa]] to the southern suburbs via [[Carleton University]]. The decision to extend the O-Train, and to replace it with an electric light rail system, was a major issue in the [[2006 Ottawa municipal election|2006 municipal elections]], where Chiarelli was defeated by businessman [[Larry O'Brien (Canadian politician)|Larry O'Brien]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=CBC News Ottawa |date=13 November 2006 |title=O'Brien runs away with Ottawa mayoral race |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/o-brien-runs-away-with-ottawa-mayoral-race-1.573629 |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=10 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310075902/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/o-brien-runs-away-with-ottawa-mayoral-race-1.573629}}</ref> After O'Brien's election, transit plans were changed to establish a series of light rail stations from the east side of the city into downtown, and for using a tunnel through the downtown core.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CBC news Ottawa |date=29 May 2007 |title=Transit task force to propose extensive LRT plan: source |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/transit-task-force-to-propose-extensive-lrt-plan-source-1.664972 |url-status=live |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710161525/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/transit-task-force-to-propose-extensive-lrt-plan-source-1.664972}}</ref> [[Jim Watson (Canadian politician)|Jim Watson]], the last mayor of Ottawa before amalgamation, was re-elected in the [[2010 Ottawa municipal election|2010 election]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/watson-wins-ottawa-mayor-s-race-1.905765 |work=CBC News |title=Watson wins Ottawa mayor's race |date=25 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027095621/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/watson-wins-ottawa-mayor-s-race-1.905765 |archive-date=27 October 2010}}</ref>

In October 2012, the City Council approved the final [[Lansdowne Park]] plan, an agreement with the [[Ottawa Sports and Entertainment Group]] that saw a new stadium, increased green space and housing and retail added to the site.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/final-lansdowne-deal-passed-by-council-1.1245290 |work=CBC News |title=Final Lansdowne deal passed by council |date=10 October 2012 |access-date=19 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111093629/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/story/2012/10/10/ottawa-lansdowne-waterfall-agreement.html |archive-date=11 January 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/Council+gives+final+ahead+Lansdowne+project/7369051/story.html |work=Ottawa Citizen |title=Council gives final go ahead to Lansdowne project |date=11 October 2012 |access-date=27 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705053632/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/Council+gives+final+ahead+Lansdowne+project/7369051/story.html |archive-date=5 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2012, City Council voted unanimously to move forward with the [[Confederation Line]], a {{cvt|12.5|km}} light rail transit line, which was opened on 14 September 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-lrt-confederation-line-1.5258684 |title=4 key dates as Ottawa's LRT becomes a reality |work=CBC News |access-date=6 September 2019 |archive-date=3 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903005542/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-lrt-confederation-line-1.5258684 |url-status=live}}</ref>