Editing Origen (section)

===Work and teaching in Caesarea===
{{rquote|right|It was like a spark falling in our deepest soul, setting it on fire, making it burst into flame within us. It was, at the same time, a love for the Holy Word, the most beautiful object of all that, by its ineffable beauty attracts all things to itself with irresistible force, and it was also love for this man, the friend and advocate of the Holy Word. I was thus persuaded to give up all other goals&nbsp;... I had only one remaining object that I valued and longed for – philosophy, and that divine man who was my master of philosophy.|Theodore, ''Panegyric'', a first-hand account of what listening to one of Origen's lectures in Caesarea was like{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}}}}

During his early years in Caesarea, Origen's primary task was the establishment of a Christian School;{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=16}}{{sfn|Watts|2008|pp=161–164}} Caesarea had long been seen as a center of learning for Jews and Hellenistic philosophers,{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=16}} but until Origen's arrival, it had lacked a Christian center of higher education.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=16}} According to Eusebius, the school Origen founded was primarily targeted towards young pagans who had expressed interest in Christianity{{sfn|Olson|1999|p=102}}{{sfn|Watts|2008|pp=161–164}} but were not yet ready to ask for baptism.{{sfn|Olson|1999|p=102}}{{sfn|Watts|2008|pp=161–164}} The school therefore sought to explain Christian teachings through [[Middle Platonism]].{{sfn|Olson|1999|p=102}}{{sfn|Watts|2008|pp=161–166}} Origen started his curriculum by teaching his students classical [[Socratic method|Socratic]] reasoning.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}} After they had mastered this, he taught them [[cosmology]] and [[natural history]].{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}} Finally, once they had mastered all of these subjects, he taught them theology, which was the highest of all philosophies, the accumulation of everything they had previously learned.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}}

With the establishment of the Caesarean school, Origen's reputation as a scholar and theologian reached its zenith{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=16}} and he became known throughout the Mediterranean world as a brilliant intellectual.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=16}} The [[ordinary (officer)|hierarchs]] of the Palestinian and Arabian church synods regarded Origen as the ultimate expert on all matters dealing with theology.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=17}} While teaching in Caesarea, Origen resumed work on his ''Commentary on John'', composing at least books six through ten.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|pp=16–17}} In the first of these books, Origen compares himself to "an Israelite who has escaped the perverse persecution of the Egyptians".{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=16}} Origen also wrote the treatise ''On Prayer'' at the request of his friend Ambrose and Tatiana (referred to as the "sister" of Ambrose), in which he analyzes the different types of prayers described in the Bible and offers a detailed exegesis on the [[Lord's Prayer]].{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|pp=12, 17}}

[[File:Julia mammea02 pushkin.jpg|thumb|left|[[Julia Avita Mamaea]], the mother of the Roman emperor [[Severus Alexander]], summoned Origen to Antioch to teach her philosophy.{{sfn|Olson|1999|p=101}}]]

Pagans also took a fascination with Origen.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}} The [[Neoplatonism|Neoplatonist]] philosopher [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry]] heard of Origen's fame{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}} and traveled to Caesarea to listen to his lectures.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}} Porphyry recounts that Origen had extensively studied the teachings of [[Pythagoras]], [[Plato]], and [[Aristotle]],{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}}{{sfn|Grant|1967|p=552}} but also those of important Middle Platonists, [[Neopythagoreanism|Neopythagoreans]], and [[Stoicism|Stoics]], including [[Numenius of Apamea]], [[Chronius]], [[Apollophanes]], [[On the Sublime|Longinus]], [[Moderatus of Gades]], [[Nicomachus]], [[Chaeremon]], and [[Lucius Annaeus Cornutus|Cornutus]].{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}}{{sfn|Grant|1967|p=552}} Nonetheless, Porphyry accused Origen of having betrayed true philosophy by subjugating its insights to the exegesis of the Christian scriptures.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=18}}{{sfn|Watts|2008|p=158}} Eusebius reports that Origen was summoned from Caesarea to Antioch at the behest of [[Julia Avita Mamaea]], the mother of Roman Emperor [[Severus Alexander]], "to discuss Christian philosophy and doctrine with her".<ref>From ''The Emergence of Christianity'', Cynthia White, Greenwood Press, 2007, p. 14.</ref>

In 235, approximately three years after Origen began teaching in Caesarea, Alexander Severus, who had been tolerant towards Christians, was murdered{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=19}} and Emperor [[Maximinus Thrax]] instigated a purge of all those who had supported his predecessor.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=19}} His [[pogrom]]s targeted Christian leaders{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=19}} and, in Rome, [[Pope Pontianus]] and [[Hippolytus of Rome]] were both sent into exile.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=19}} Origen knew that he was in danger and went into hiding in the home of a faithful Christian woman named Juliana the Virgin,{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=19}} who had been a student of the [[Ebionites|Ebionite]] leader [[Symmachus (translator)|Symmachus]].{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=19}} Origen's close friend and longtime patron Ambrose was arrested in [[Nicomedia]], and Protoctetes, the leading priest in Caesarea, was also arrested.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=19}} In their honor, Origen composed his treatise ''[[Exhortation to Martyrdom]]'',{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=19}}{{sfn|Heine|2004|p=122}} which is now regarded as one of the greatest classics of Christian resistance literature.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=19}} After coming out of hiding following Maximinus's death, Origen founded a school of which [[Gregory Thaumaturgus]], later bishop of Pontus, was one of the pupils. He preached regularly on Wednesdays and Fridays, and later daily.{{sfn|McGuckin|2004|p=17}}{{sfn|Watts|2008|p=165}}