Editing Ore (section)

=== Sedimentary deposits ===

[[File:MichiganBIF.jpg|thumb|Magnified view of banded iron formation specimen from Upper Michigan. Scale bar is 5.0 mm.]]
[[Laterite]]s form from the weathering of highly mafic rock near the equator. They can form in as little as one million years and are a source of [[iron]] (Fe), [[manganese]] (Mn), and [[aluminum]] (Al).<ref name="Persons-1970" /> They may also be a source of nickel and cobalt when the parent rock is enriched in these elements.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marsh |first1=Erin E. |last2=Anderson |first2=Eric D. |last3=Gray |first3=Floyd |date=2013 |title=Nickel-cobalt laterites: a deposit model |journal=Scientific Investigations Report |page=59 |doi=10.3133/sir20105070h |issn=2328-0328|doi-access=free |bibcode=2013usgs.rept...59M }}</ref>

[[Banded iron formation]]s (BIFs) are the highest concentration of any single metal available.<ref name="Jenkin-2014" /> They are composed of chert beds alternating between high and low iron concentrations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cloud |first=Preston |date=1973 |title=Paleoecological Significance of the Banded Iron-Formation |url=http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/economicgeology/article/68/7/1135/18462/Paleoecological-Significance-of-the-Banded |journal=Economic Geology |language=en |volume=68 |issue=7 |pages=1135–1143 |doi=10.2113/gsecongeo.68.7.1135 |bibcode=1973EcGeo..68.1135C |issn=1554-0774}}</ref> Their deposition occurred early in Earth's history when the atmospheric composition was significantly different from today. Iron rich water is thought to have upwelled where it oxidized to Fe (III) in the presence of early photosynthetic plankton producing oxygen. This iron then precipitated out and deposited on the ocean floor. The banding is thought to be a result of changing plankton population.<ref name="cloud-1968">{{cite journal |last1=Cloud |first1=Preston E. |year=1968 |title=Atmospheric and Hydrospheric Evolution on the Primitive Earth. |journal=Science |volume=160 |pages=729–736 |bibcode=1968Sci...160..729C |doi=10.1126/science.160.3829.729 |jstor=1724303 |pmid=5646415 |number=3829}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schad |first1=Manuel |last2=Byrne |first2=James M. |last3=ThomasArrigo |first3=Laurel K. |last4=Kretzschmar |first4=Ruben |last5=Konhauser |first5=Kurt O. |last6=Kappler |first6=Andreas |date=2022 |title=Microbial Fe cycling in a simulated Precambrian ocean environment: Implications for secondary mineral (trans)formation and deposition during BIF genesis |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016703722002514 |journal=Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |language=en |volume=331 |pages=165–191 |doi=10.1016/j.gca.2022.05.016|bibcode=2022GeCoA.331..165S |s2cid=248977303 }}</ref>

Sediment Hosted Copper forms from the precipitation of a copper rich oxidized brine into sedimentary rocks. These are a source of copper primarily in the form of copper-sulfide minerals.<ref name="Sillit20172">{{cite journal | doi=10.1007/s00126-017-0769-x | title=Reply to discussions of "Age of the Zambian Copperbelt" by Hitzman and Broughton and Muchez et al | year=2017 | last1=Sillitoe | first1=Richard H. | last2=Perelló | first2=José | last3=Creaser | first3=Robert A. | last4=Wilton | first4=John | last5=Wilson | first5=Alan J. | last6=Dawborn | first6=Toby | journal=Mineralium Deposita | volume=52 | issue=8 | pages=1277–1281 | bibcode=2017MinDe..52.1277S | s2cid=134709798 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Hitzman |first1=Murray |title=The Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Copper Ore System |date=2005 |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1940/chapter/107716228 |work=One Hundredth Anniversary Volume |access-date=2023-03-05 |publisher=Society of Economic Geologists |language=en |doi=10.5382/av100.19 |isbn=978-1-887483-01-8 |last2=Kirkham |first2=Rodney |last3=Broughton |first3=David |last4=Thorson |first4=Jon |last5=Selley |first5=David}}</ref>

[[Placer deposit|Placer]] deposits are the result of weathering, transport, and subsequent concentration of a valuable mineral via water or wind. They are typically sources of gold (Au), [[platinum group]] elements (PGE), [[sulfide mineral]]s, tin (Sn), [[tungsten]] (W), and [[rare-earth element]]s (REEs). A placer deposit is considered alluvial if formed via river, colluvial if by gravity, and eluvial when close to their parent rock.<ref name="Best-2015" /><ref name="Haldar-2013" />