Editing Optic neuritis (section)

==== NMOSD (Formerly NMO) ====
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a disorder consisting of six syndromes that cause inflammation and demyelination of the CNS.<ref name=":6">{{Citation |last1=Shumway |first1=Caleb L. |title=Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) |date=2025 |work=StatPearls |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572108/ |access-date=2025-03-19 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=34283474 |last2=Patel |first2=Bhupendra C. |last3=Tripathy |first3=Koushik |last4=De Jesus |first4=Orlando}}</ref> The hallmark diagnostic criteria of NMOSD is the presence of the aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG) found on serology, which is the underlying aberrancy of this autoimmune condition that engenders its distinction from multiple sclerosis.<ref name=":6" /> Clinical manifestations of NMOSD, such as optic neuritis, occur due to antibody-mediated damage against the aquaporin-4 transmembrane water channels which are found in the foot processes of [[astrocyte]]s at high concentrations within the optic nerve, brainstem, and spinal cord.<ref name=":6" />