Editing Old Sarum (section)

=== Angevin period ===
{{See also|Angevin kings of England}}
Medieval Sarum also seems to have had industrial facilities such as kilns and furnaces.<ref name=beeb/> Residential areas were principally located in the two southern quadrants, built up beside the ditch protecting the inner bailey and Norman castle.<ref name=ush/> [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] held his wife, [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], prisoner at Old Sarum. In the 1190s, the plain{{Clarify|Maps only show rivers and hills|date=January 2016}} between Old Sarum and [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton]] was one of five specially designated by {{nowrap|[[Richard I]]}} for the holding of English [[medieval tournament|tournaments]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ditchfield |first=P.H. |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9197/9197-h/files/relative.htm |title=English Villages |at=Chapter&nbsp;XI |publisher=Methuen & Co. |place=London, GB |year=1901}}</ref>

An early 12th-century observer, [[William of Malmesbury]], called Sarum a town "more like a castle than city, being environed with a high wall", and noted that "notwithstanding that it was very well accommodated with all other conveniences, yet such was the want for water that it sold at a great rate".<ref name=Baldwin-1774>{{cite book |first=R. |last=Baldwin |year=1774 |title=A Description of that Admirable Structure, the Cathedral Church of Salisbury |quote={{sc|subtitle}} With the Chapels, Monuments, Grave-Stones, and their Inscriptions. To which is prefixed, an Account of Old Sarum |place=London, GB |via=Archive.org |url=https://archive.org/stream/descriptionoftha00sali#page/n13/mode/2up |access-date=3 Jan 2015}}</ref>{{rp|page=1}} [[Holinshed]] denied this and noted that the hill was "very plentifully served with springs and wells of very sweet water";<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=2}} excavation has discovered numerous wells (including one within the Norman keep) but suggests that they were so deep as to make their use more cumbersome than carting water uphill from the rivers. The issue was presented to kings [[Richard I of England|Richard]] and [[John Lackland|John]] as the prime reason to relocate the [[Old Sarum Cathedral|cathedral]]<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=2}} but seems to have only been part of the issue.

The late 12th-century canon [[Peter of Blois]]<ref name=pbj>Robinson, J. Armitage. [[:s:Somerset Historical Essays/Peter of Blois#128|"Peter of Blois" in ''Somerset Historical Essays'', pp.&nbsp;128&nbsp;f.]] Oxford University Press (London), 1921.</ref> described his prebendary as "barren, dry, and solitary, exposed to the rage of the wind" and the cathedral "as a captive on the hill where it was built, like the [[ark of God]] shut up in the profane house of [[Baal]]."<ref name=blesensis>[[Peter of Blois]],  Epistle No.&nbsp;105.</ref> Holinshed records that the clerics brawled openly with the garrison troops.<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=2}} [[Herbert Poore|Bishop Herbert]] received permission for the move from [[Richard I]], who was agreeably disposed towards the diocese after discovering it held {{nowrap|[[British Pound|£]]90 000}} in [[coin]] in trust for his father, in addition to jewels, vestments, and [[silver plate|plate]],<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=3}} but was forced to delay the change after John's succession.

By [[Pope Honorius III|papal]] order, Herbert's brother [[Richard Poore]] was [[translation (ecclesiastical)|translated]] from [[diocese of Chichester|Chichester]] to succeed him in 1217; the next year, Sarum's [[dean of Salisbury|dean]] and [[cathedral chapter|chapter]] presented arguments to [[Papal States|Rome]] for the cathedral's relocation.<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=3}} The investigation of these claims by the [[papal legate]] [[Cardinal Gualo]] verified the chapter's claims that the site's water was both expensive and sometimes restricted by the castellans; that housing within the walls was insufficient for the clerics, who were required to rent from the laity; that the wind was sometimes so strong that divine offices could not be heard and the roof was repeatedly damaged; and that the soldiers of the royal fortress restricted access to the cathedral precinct to the common folk during [[Ash Wednesday]] and on other occasions for providing the [[Eucharist]] and the clerics felt imperilled by their circumstances.<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=4}} {{nowrap|[[Pope Honorius III]]}} thereupon issued an indulgence to relocate the cathedral on 29 March 1217 or 1218.<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=4}} The chapter voted unanimously for the move and agreed to pay for it by withholding various portions of their [[prebend]]s over the next seven years.<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=4}} On [[Easter Monday]], 1219, a wooden chapel dedicated to the [[Virgin Mary]] was begun near the banks of the [[Hampshire]] [[River Avon, Hampshire|Avon]]; on [[Trinity Sunday]], Bishop Poore celebrated mass there and [[consecrated]] a [[cemetery]].<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=4}} On {{nowrap|[[Vitalis of Milan|St Vitalis]]'s}} Day, April 28, 1220, the foundation of the future stone cathedral was begun.<ref name=Baldwin-1774/>{{rp|page=5}}

The settlement that grew up around it was called New Salisbury, then (at least formally) New Sarum, then finally [[Salisbury]]. The former cathedral was formally dissolved in 1226.<ref name=EH-2014-OS-sched/> The inhabitants of the new city gradually razed the old, constructing [[Salisbury Cathedral]] and other buildings from the materials at Old Sarum. Evidence of quarrying into the 14th century shows some continued habitation,<ref name=ush/> but the settlement was largely abandoned and {{nowrap|[[Edward II]]}} ordered the castle's demolition in 1322.<ref name=EH-2014-OS-sched/>