Editing Oganesson (section)

===Naming===
[[File:Yuri Oganessian 2017 stamp of Armenia.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|Element 118 was named after [[Yuri Oganessian]], a pioneer in the discovery of [[synthetic element]]s, with the name ''oganesson'' (Og). Oganessian and the decay chain of oganesson-294 were pictured on a stamp of Armenia issued on 28 December 2017.]]
Using [[Mendeleev's predicted elements|Mendeleev's nomenclature for unnamed and undiscovered elements]], oganesson is sometimes known as ''eka-radon'' (until the 1960s as ''eka-emanation'', emanation being the old name for [[radon]]).<ref name="60s"/> In 1979, IUPAC assigned the [[systematic element name|systematic]] [[placeholder name]] ''ununoctium'' to the undiscovered element, with the corresponding symbol of ''Uuo'',<ref name="iupac">{{cite journal|author=Chatt, J.|journal=Pure Appl. Chem.|date=1979|volume=51|pages=381–384|title=Recommendations for the Naming of Elements of Atomic Numbers Greater than 100|doi=10.1351/pac197951020381|issue=2|doi-access=free}}</ref> and recommended that it be used until after confirmed discovery of the element.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)|journal=Pure Appl. Chem.|date=2006|volume=78|issue=11|pages=2051–2066| doi=10.1351/pac200678112051| author=Wieser, M.E.|s2cid=94552853|doi-access=free}}</ref> Although widely used in the chemical community on all levels, from chemistry classrooms to advanced textbooks, the recommendations were mostly ignored among scientists in the field, who called it "element 118", with the symbol of ''E118'', ''(118)'', or simply ''118''.<ref name="Haire"/>

Before the retraction in 2001, the researchers from Berkeley had intended to name the element ''ghiorsium'' (''Gh''), after [[Albert Ghiorso]] (a leading member of the research team).<ref>{{cite web|title=Discovery of New Elements Makes Front Page News|url=https://lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Research-Review/Magazine/1999/departments/breaking_news.shtml|publisher=Berkeley Lab Research Review Summer 1999|date=1999|access-date=18 January 2008}}</ref>

The Russian discoverers reported their synthesis in 2006. According to IUPAC recommendations, the discoverers of a new element have the right to suggest a name.<ref>
{{cite journal
|last=Koppenol |first=W. H.
|date=2002
|title=Naming of new elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002)
|url=https://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7405x0787.pdf
|journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]]
|volume=74 |page=787 |issue=5
|doi=10.1351/pac200274050787
|s2cid=95859397
}}</ref> In 2007, the head of the Russian institute stated the team were considering two names for the new element: ''flyorium'', in honor of [[Georgy Flyorov]], the founder of the research laboratory in Dubna; and ''moskovium'', in recognition of the [[Moscow Oblast]] where Dubna is located.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.rin.ru/eng/news/9886/9/6/|title=New chemical elements discovered in Russia's Science City|date=12 February 2007|access-date=9 February 2008}}</ref> He also stated that although the element was discovered as an American collaboration, who provided the californium target, the element should rightly be named in honor of Russia since the [[Flyorov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions]] at JINR was the only facility in the world which could achieve this result.<ref>{{cite web|last=Yemel'yanova|language=ru|first=Asya|date=17 December 2006|url=https://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=113947|title=118-й элемент назовут по-русски (118th element will be named in Russian)|publisher=vesti.ru|access-date=18 January 2008|archive-date=25 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225102337/https://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=113947|url-status=dead}}</ref> These names were later suggested for [[flerovium|element 114]] (flerovium) and [[livermorium|element 116]] (moscovium).<ref>{{cite web|publisher=rian.ru|date=2011|access-date=8 May 2011|url=https://ria.ru/science/20110326/358081075.html|title=Российские физики предложат назвать 116 химический элемент московием (Russian Physicians Will Suggest to Name Element 116 Moscovium)|language=ru}}</ref> Flerovium became the name of element 114; the final name proposed for element 116 was instead ''livermorium'',<ref name="IUPAC">{{cite web|title=News: Start of the Name Approval Process for the Elements of Atomic Number 114 and 116 |url=https://www.iupac.org/news/news-detail/article/start-of-the-name-approval-process-for-the-elements-of-atomic-number-114-and-116.html |work=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry |access-date=2 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823092056/https://www.iupac.org/news/news-detail/article/start-of-the-name-approval-process-for-the-elements-of-atomic-number-114-and-116.html |archive-date=23 August 2014 }}</ref> with ''moscovium'' later being proposed and accepted for [[moscovium|element 115]] instead.<ref name="IUPAC-June2016"/>

Traditionally, the names of all [[noble gas]]es end in "-on", with the exception of [[helium]], which was not known to be a noble gas when discovered. The IUPAC guidelines valid at the moment of the discovery approval however required ''all'' new elements be named with the ending "-ium", even if they turned out to be [[halogen]]s (traditionally ending in "-ine") or noble gases (traditionally ending in "-on").<ref name="Koppenol">{{cite journal |doi=10.1351/pac200274050787 |url=https://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/2002/pdf/7405x0787.pdf |title=Naming of new elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2002) |date=2002 |last=Koppenol |first=W. H. |journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry |volume=74 |pages=787–791 |issue=5 |s2cid=95859397 }}</ref> While the provisional name ununoctium followed this convention, a new IUPAC recommendation published in 2016 recommended using the "-on" ending for new [[group 18 element]]s, regardless of whether they turn out to have the chemical properties of a noble gas.<ref>{{cite journal|title = How to name new chemical elements (IUPAC Recommendations 2016) | journal = Pure and Applied Chemistry | volume = 88 | issue = 4 | pages = 401–405 | doi = 10.1515/pac-2015-0802| year = 2016 | last1 = Koppenol | first1 = Willem H. | last2 = Corish | first2 = John | last3 = García-Martínez | first3 = Javier | last4 = Meija | first4 = Juris | last5 = Reedijk | first5 = Jan | hdl = 10045/55935 | s2cid = 102245448 | url = https://doc.rero.ch/record/325660/files/pac-2015-0802.pdf | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

The scientists involved in the discovery of element 118, as well as those of [[tennessine|117]] and [[moscovium|115]], held a conference call on 23 March 2016 to decide their names. Element 118 was the last to be decided upon; after Oganessian was asked to leave the call, the remaining scientists unanimously decided to have the element "oganesson" after him. Oganessian was a pioneer in superheavy element research for sixty years reaching back to the field's foundation: his team and his proposed techniques had led directly to the synthesis of elements [[bohrium|107]] through 118. Mark Stoyer, a nuclear chemist at the LLNL, later recalled, "We had intended to propose that name from Livermore, and things kind of got proposed at the same time from multiple places. I don't know if we can claim that we actually proposed the name, but we had intended it."<ref name="chemistryworld">{{Cite news|url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/what-it-takes-to-make-a-new-element/1017677.article|title=What it takes to make a new element|newspaper=Chemistry World|access-date=3 December 2016}}</ref>

In internal discussions, IUPAC asked the JINR if they wanted the element to be spelled "oganeson" to match the Russian spelling more closely. Oganessian and the JINR refused this offer, citing the Soviet-era practice of transliterating names into the Latin alphabet under the rules of the French language ("Oganessian" is such a transliteration) and arguing that "oganesson" would be easier to link to the person.<ref name="Og19"/>{{efn|In Russian, Oganessian's name is spelled Оганесян {{IPA|ru|ˈɐgənʲɪˈsʲan|}}; the transliteration in accordance with the rules of the English language would be ''Oganesyan'', with one s. Similarly, the Russian name for the element is оганесон, letter-for-letter ''oganeson''.
Oganessian is the Russified version of the Armenian last name [[Hovhannisyan]] ({{langx|hy|Հովհաննիսյան}} {{IPA|hy|hɔvhɑnnisˈjɑn|}}).
It means "son of [[Hovhannes]]", i.e., "son of John".
It is one of the [[List of most common surnames in Asia#Armenia|most common surnames in Armenia]].}}
In June 2016, IUPAC announced that the discoverers planned to give the element the name ''oganesson'' (symbol: ''Og''). The name became official on 28 November 2016.<ref name="IUPAC-June2016">{{cite web |date=8 June 2016 |title=IUPAC Is Naming The Four New Elements Nihonium, Moscovium, Tennessine, And Oganesson |url=https://iupac.org/iupac-is-naming-the-four-new-elements-nihonium-moscovium-tennessine-and-oganesson/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608140005/https://iupac.org/iupac-is-naming-the-four-new-elements-nihonium-moscovium-tennessine-and-oganesson/ |archive-date=8 June 2016 |publisher=[[IUPAC]]}}</ref> In 2017, Oganessian commented on the naming:<ref name="newscientist"/>

{{blockquote|For me, it is an honour. The discovery of element 118 was by scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia and at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the US, and it was my colleagues who proposed the name oganesson. My children and grandchildren have been living in the US for decades, but my daughter wrote to me to say that she did not sleep the night she heard because she was crying.<ref name="newscientist">{{cite news |last=Gray |first=Richard |date=11 April 2017 |title=Mr Element 118: The only living person on the periodic table |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23431210-600-up-and-atom-breaking-the-periodic-table/ |work=[[New Scientist]] |access-date=26 April 2017}}</ref>|Yuri Oganessian}}

The naming ceremony for moscovium, tennessine, and oganesson was held on 2 March 2017 at the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]] in Moscow.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jinr.ru/posts/at-the-inauguration-ceremony-of-the-new-elements-of-the-periodic-table-of-d-i-mendeleev/ |title=At the inauguration ceremony of the new elements of the Periodic table of D.I. Mendeleev |last=Fedorova |first=Vera |date=3 March 2017 |website=jinr.ru |publisher=[[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] |access-date=4 February 2018}}</ref>

In a 2019 interview, when asked what it was like to see his name in the periodic table next to [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]], [[Dmitry Mendeleev|Mendeleev]], [[Curie family|the Curies]], and [[Ernest Rutherford|Rutherford]], Oganessian responded:<ref name="Og19">{{cite magazine|last1=Tarasevich|first1=Grigoriy|last2=Lapenko|first2=Igor|date=2019|title=Юрий Оганесян о тайнах ядра, новых элементах и смысле жизни|trans-title=Yuri Oganessian about the secret of the nucleus, new elements and the meaning of life|journal=Kot Shryodingyera|language=ru|publisher=Direktsiya Festivalya Nauki|issue=Special|pages=22}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Not like much! You see, not like much. It is customary in science to name something new after its discoverer. It's just that there are few elements, and this happens rarely. But look at how many equations and theorems in mathematics are named after somebody. And in medicine? [[Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer]], [[Parkinson's disease|Parkinson]]. There's nothing special about it.}}