Editing Nuclear electromagnetic pulse (section)

===E3===
{{Main article|Geomagnetically induced current}}
{{See also|Geomagnetic storm}}

The E3 component is different from E1 and E2. E3 is a much slower pulse, lasting tens to hundreds of seconds. It is caused by the nuclear detonation's temporary distortion of the Earth's magnetic field. The E3 component has similarities to a [[geomagnetic storm]].<ref>[http://www.todaysengineer.org/2007/Sep/HEMP.asp High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP): A Threat to Our Way of Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706143245/http://www.todaysengineer.org/2007/Sep/HEMP.asp |date=2014-07-06}}, 09.07, By William A. Radasky, PhD, P.E. – IEEE</ref>{{r|empc}} Like a geomagnetic storm, E3 can produce geomagnetically induced currents in long electrical conductors, damaging components such as power line [[transformer]]s.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Sanabria |first1=David E. |last2=Bowman |first2=Tyler |last3=Guttromson |first3=Ross |last4=Halligan |first4=Matthew |last5=Le |first5=Ken |last6=Lehr |first6=Jane|author6-link=Jane Lehr |docket=SAND2020-12133 |title=The Late-Time (E3) High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and Its Impact on the U.S. Power Grid |date=November 2010 |publisher=[[Sandia National Laboratories]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/indus-act/reliability/cybersecurity/ferc_meta-r-321.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507032644/https://www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/indus-act/reliability/cybersecurity/ferc_meta-r-321.pdf |archive-date=2017-05-07}}</ref>

Because of the similarity between solar-induced geomagnetic storms and nuclear E3, it has become common to refer to solar-induced geomagnetic storms as "Solar EMP".<ref name="empact">{{cite web |title=EMP Caused by Geomagnetic Storm |publisher=EMPACT America |date=n.d. |df=dmy-all |url=http://www.empactamerica.org/solar_emp.php |access-date=2022-08-10 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726030320/http://www.empactamerica.org/solar_emp.php |archive-date=2011-07-26}}</ref> "Solar EMP" does not include E1 or E2 components.<ref>{{cite news |title=E3 – ProtecTgrid |newspaper=ProtecTgrid |language=en-US |url=http://www.protectgrid.com/glossary/e3/ |access-date=2017-02-16}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>