Editing Novosibirsk (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Бугринский мост Новосибирск II.PNG|300px|thumb|[[Bugrinsky Bridge]] on the [[Ob River]]]]

===Urban layout===
The layout of the modern city is based on the planning of the post-revolution period. Before 1917, there was no traditional city center in Novo-nikolayevsk. The main buildings of the railway management and the nearby railway station as well as the most important cathedral and the complex of the city's government were spread throughout the city. This changed following the revolution, with Lenin House built in 1925 in what was traditionally the main avenue, Krasny Prospekt while the first Lenin monument was built in Barnaulskaya Street, closer to the railway station. And thus, until the late 1920s, Novosibirsk did not have a clearly defined city center. The 1930s brought many changes to the development of the city: Its former Bazarnaya Ploschad (Market Square) was chosen as the site for the construction of the Opera House which started in 1931. The Stalin Park of Culture and Rest was established some distance from the main avenue and the city's administrative buildings and park created a radial around the Bazarnaya Ploschad.<ref>''Leader Cults and Spatial Politics'', pg. 144</ref>

There are 3 road ([[Kommunalny Bridge, Novosibirsk|Kommunalny]], [[Dimitrovsky Bridge, Novosibirsk|Dimitrovsky]], [[Bugrinsky Bridge|Bugrinsky]]), 2 railway ([[Novosibirsk Rail Bridge|First]], [[Komsomolsky Railway Bridge|Komsomolsky]]), and 1 [[Novosibirsk Metro Bridge|metro]] bridges within the city limits. The dam of the [[Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station]] located on the territory of the city is also used for road traffic.

===Location===
The city stands on the banks of the Ob River in the [[West Siberian Plain]]. The southern boundary of the city runs through the [[Novosibirsk reservoir]], which is formed by the dam of the [[Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station]] and cuts through the [[Ob Plateau]].

The nearest major cities are [[Omsk]], [[Barnaul]], [[Kemerovo]], [[Tomsk]]. Novosibirsk is located about 2,811 kilometres from [[Moscow]].

===Climate===
The climate in Novosibirsk is typical of Siberia, with dry winters and far-below-freezing winter temperatures. Among the reasons for these temperatures are the absence of a nearby ocean and the lack of tall mountains at the north of Novosibirsk that could have held back freezing Arctic winds.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} In fact, Novosibirsk is the second-farthest substantially populated city from the ocean, the first being [[Ürümqi]] in China.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

The climate is [[humid continental climate|humid continental]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb''), with warm summers and bitterly cold winters.   Snow is frequent, falling on almost half of all winter days, but individual snowfalls are usually light. On average temperatures range in summer from {{convert|+15|C}} to {{convert|+26|C}} and in winter from {{convert|-20|C}} to {{convert|-12|C}}. However, winter temperatures can go as low as {{convert|-30|C}} to {{convert|-35|C}}, and summer temperatures can go as high as {{convert|+30|C}} to {{convert|+35|C}}. The difference between the highest- and lowest-recorded temperatures is {{convert|82|C-change|0|abbr=on}}.

Travellers coming from countries with mild climates may find Novosibirsk's winter extremely cold, but it is a lot less severe than further east in Siberia and the [[Russian Far East]], especially considering its latitude of [[55th parallel north|55°N]]. For example, Novosibirsk is less cold during winter nights than [[Spassk-Dalny]] at eleven degrees lower latitude. It also is less cold in winter than the largest far eastern city of [[Khabarovsk]] and during nights even the Pacific coastal town of [[Sovetskaya Gavan]], both at less than [[49th parallel north|49°N]], and slightly milder than the Chinese city of [[Harbin]], the capital of Manchuria and [[Heilongjiang]] province in China, at only 45°N. Sometimes bitter cold may hold for some days, but temperatures of {{convert|-40|C}} and lower do not occur every year. Its overall temperatures are very similar to that of [[Winnipeg]], [[Canada]], at about 50 degrees north.
{{clear}}

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location=Novosibirsk (1991–2020, extremes 1930–present)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C = 4.1
|Feb record high C = 5.1
|Mar record high C = 14.4
|Apr record high C = 30.7
|May record high C = 36.1
|Jun record high C = 37.3
|Jul record high C = 36.4
|Aug record high C = 35.7
|Sep record high C = 33.2
|Oct record high C = 23.8
|Nov record high C = 11.7
|Dec record high C = 4.8
|year record high C = 37.3
|Jan high C = -12.6
|Feb high C = -9.2
|Mar high C = -1.3
|Apr high C = 9.6
|May high C = 18.9
|Jun high C = 23.8
|Jul high C = 25.4
|Aug high C = 23.1
|Sep high C = 16.1
|Oct high C = 7.9
|Nov high C = -3.4
|Dec high C = -9.9
|year high C = 7.4
|Jan mean C = -17.0
|Feb mean C = -14.4
|Mar mean C = -6.8
|Apr mean C = 3.6
|May mean C = 11.9
|Jun mean C = 17.6
|Jul mean C = 19.5
|Aug mean C = 16.9
|Sep mean C = 10.3
|Oct mean C = 3.3
|Nov mean C = -6.8
|Dec mean C = -13.9
|year mean C = 2.0
|Jan low C = −21.2
|Feb low C = −19.1
|Mar low C = -11.9
|Apr low C = -1.4
|May low C = 5.7
|Jun low C = 11.7
|Jul low C = 13.9
|Aug low C = 11.5
|Sep low C = 5.7
|Oct low C = -0.2
|Nov low C = −10.1
|Dec low C = −18.0
|year low C = -2.8
|Jan record low C = −46.2
|Feb record low C = −46.3
|Mar record low C = −36.4
|Apr record low C = −29.0
|May record low C = −8.6
|Jun record low C = -2.0
|Jul record low C = 3.9
|Aug record low C = 0.2
|Sep record low C = −6.9
|Oct record low C = −26.4
|Nov record low C = −39.6
|Dec record low C = −45.7
|year record low C = −46.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 25
|Feb precipitation mm = 18
|Mar precipitation mm = 20
|Apr precipitation mm = 24
|May precipitation mm = 37
|Jun precipitation mm = 55
|Jul precipitation mm = 68
|Aug precipitation mm = 58
|Sep precipitation mm = 46
|Oct precipitation mm = 43
|Nov precipitation mm = 39
|Dec precipitation mm = 36
|year precipitation mm = 469
|Jan humidity = 82
|Feb humidity = 81
|Mar humidity = 77
|Apr humidity = 65
|May humidity = 58
|Jun humidity = 66
|Jul humidity = 73
|Aug humidity = 75
|Sep humidity = 75
|Oct humidity = 78
|Nov humidity = 83
|Dec humidity = 83
|year humidity = 75
|Jan rain days = 1
|Feb rain days = 1
|Mar rain days = 2
|Apr rain days = 8
|May rain days = 13
|Jun rain days = 14
|Jul rain days = 14
|Aug rain days = 14
|Sep rain days = 16
|Oct rain days = 12
|Nov rain days = 5
|Dec rain days = 1
|year rain days = 101
|Jan snow days = 23
|Feb snow days = 19
|Mar snow days = 15
|Apr snow days = 9
|May snow days = 3
|Jun snow days = 0.1
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 1
|Oct snow days = 11
|Nov snow days = 20
|Dec snow days = 25
|year snow days = 126
|Jan sun = 67
|Feb sun = 107
|Mar sun = 166
|Apr sun = 213
|May sun = 264
|Jun sun = 302
|Jul sun = 304
|Aug sun = 245
|Sep sun = 170
|Oct sun = 100
|Nov sun = 58
|Dec sun = 45
|year sun = 2041
|source 1 =Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="Pogoda">{{Cite web |title=Weather and Climate-The Climate of Novosibirsk |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/29638.htm |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=Weather and Climate |language=ru}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (sun, 1931–1960)<ref name="DMI">{{Cite web |last1=Cappelen |first1=John |last2=Jensen |first2=Jens |title=Rusland - Novosibirsk |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |archive-date=April 27, 2013 |access-date=April 7, 2017 |website=Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960) |publisher=Danish Meteorological Institute |page=225 |language=da}}</ref>
|date=August 2010

}}
{{clear}}
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location=Novosibirsk (1961–1990)
|source={{Cite web |title=Mean monthly climatic data for the city of Novosibirsk from 1961 to 1990 |url=http://meteoinfo.ru/climate/klimatgorod/1716-1246618396 |access-date=2010-10-17 |website=Roshydromet}}
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|collapsed=yes
|Jan high C=-12.2
|Feb high C=-10.3
|Mar high C=-2.6
|Apr high C=8.1
|May high C=17.5
|Jun high C=24.0
|Jul high C=25.7
|Aug high C=22.2
|Sep high C=16.6
|Oct high C=6.8
|Nov high C=-2.9
|Dec high C=-8.9
|year high C=7.0
|Jan mean C=-16.2
|Feb mean C=-14.7
|Mar mean C=-7.2
|Apr mean C = 3.2
|May mean C = 11.6
|Jun mean C = 18.2
|Jul mean C = 20.2
|Aug mean C = 17.0
|Sep mean C = 11.5
|Oct mean C = 3.4
|Nov mean C = -6.0
|Dec mean C = -12.7
|year mean C = 2.4
|Jan low C = -20.1
|Feb low C = -19.1
|Mar low C = -11.8
|Apr low C = -1.7
|May low C = 5.6
|Jun low C = 12.3
|Jul low C = 14.7
|Aug low C = 11.7
|Sep low C = 6.4
|Oct low C = 0.0
|Nov low C = -9.1
|Dec low C = -16.4
|year low C = -2.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 19
|Feb precipitation mm = 14
|Mar precipitation mm = 15
|Apr precipitation mm = 24
|May precipitation mm = 36
|Jun precipitation mm = 58
|Jul precipitation mm = 72
|Aug precipitation mm = 66
|Sep precipitation mm = 44
|Oct precipitation mm = 38
|Nov precipitation mm = 32
|Dec precipitation mm = 24
|year precipitation mm = 442
|date = August 2010
}}