Editing Norman Bethune (section)

== Legacy ==
===In Canada===
[[File:Place Norman Bethune Montreal 09.JPG|thumb|left|200px|A statue of Bethune in Montreal's [[Norman Bethune Square]].]]
In 1973, following the visit of Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] to China, the Government of Canada purchased the manse of Presbyterian Church in Gravenhurst, in which Bethune was born. The previous year, Dr. Bethune had been declared a [[Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)|Person of National Historic Significance]]. In 1976, the restored building was opened to the public as [[Bethune Memorial House]]. In 2012, the Government of Canada opened a new visitor centre, to enhance the experience of visitors to the site.<ref>{{cite press release |title=New Visitor Centre at Bethune Memorial House Receives a Hero's Welcome |url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-eng.do?nid=685699 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115093809/http://news.gc.ca/web/article-eng.do?nid=685699 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |publisher=Government of Canada |date=July 11, 2012 |access-date=August 6, 2015 }}</ref> The house is operated as a [[National Historic Site of Canada]] by [[Parks Canada]].

In 1979, [[Dr. Norman Bethune Collegiate Institute]] was founded in Scarborough.

In 1998, Bethune was inducted into the [[Canadian Medical Hall of Fame]] located in [[London, Ontario]].  In 2000, the University of Toronto inaugurated the annual Bethune Round Table on International Surgery, an annual surgical conference named in his honour.
[[File:BMH Visitor Centre.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Bethune Memorial House Visitor Centre in Gravenhurst, opened in May 2013.]]

In August 2000, then-[[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] [[Adrienne Clarkson]], who is of Chinese descent, visited Gravenhurst and unveiled a bronze statue of him erected by the town. It stands in front of the Opera House on the town's main street, Muskoka Road.

The city of Montreal, Quebec, has created a [[Norman Bethune Square|public square]] and erected a [[Norman Bethune Memorial (Montreal)|statue of him]] in his honour, located near the [[Guy-Concordia (Montreal Metro)|Guy-Concordia Metro station]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Allan |last=Hustak |title=Statue of Bethune getting new home |work=The Gazette (Montreal) |date=December 3, 2007 |url=http://www.canada.com/components/print.aspx?id=0fdbe6ad-0cd1-4c38-be5c-b67cb2780514 |access-date=August 6, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904092116/http://www2.canada.com/components/print.aspx?id=0fdbe6ad-0cd1-4c38-be5c-b67cb2780514 |archive-date=September 4, 2015 }}</ref> His archives are held at [[McGill University]] in the [[Osler Library of the History of Medicine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/norman-bethune-collection|title=Norman Bethune Collection|access-date=December 10, 2018}}</ref>
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[File:1964_Chinese_Movie_Bethune.jpg|thumb|right|200px|1964 Chinese movie ''Dr Bethune'']] -->

In March 1990, to commemorate the centenary of his birth, Canada and China each issued two postage stamps of the same design in his honour.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tan |first1=SY |last2=Pettigrew |first2=K |title=Henry Norman Bethune (1890–1939): Surgeon, communist, humanitarian |journal=Singapore Medical Journal |date=October 2016 |volume=57 |issue=10 |pages=526–527 |doi=10.11622/smedj.2016162|pmid=27779274 |pmc=5075949 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Banners with a stylized photo of him titled Local Heroes, hang in the River District of [[Owen Sound]] with his birthdate and death and listing his accomplishments as "Surgeon, Inventor, Political Activist, Artist, Writer, Poet".

===In China===
Virtually unknown in his homeland during his lifetime, Bethune received international recognition when Chairman [[Mao Zedong]] of the [[People's Republic of China]] published his eulogy entitled ''In Memory of Norman Bethune'' ({{zh|c=紀念白求恩}}),<ref name = "MaoEulogy"/> which documented the final months of the doctor's life in China. Almost the entire Chinese population knew about the essay, which became required reading in China's elementary schools in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Norman Bethune |website=ChinesePosters.net |url=http://chineseposters.net/themes/bethune.php |access-date=August 6, 2015 |archive-date=October 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009023934/http://chineseposters.net/themes/bethune.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Three Constantly Read Articles|website=ChinesePosters.net|url=http://chineseposters.net/themes/mao-three-articles.php|access-date=August 6, 2015|archive-date=November 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114011832/http://chineseposters.net/themes/mao-three-articles.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> The standard elementary school text book still has the essay today: {{quote|Comrade Bethune's spirit, his utter devotion to others without any thought of self, was shown in his great sense of responsibility in his work and his great warm-heartedness towards all comrades and the people. Every Communist must learn from him. ... We must all learn the spirit of absolute selflessness from him. With this spirit everyone can be very useful to the people. A man's ability may be great or small, but if he has this spirit, he is already noble-minded and pure, a man of moral integrity and above vulgar interests, a man who is of value to the people.<ref name = "MaoEulogy">Mao Zedong, [http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_25.htm''In Memory of Norman Bethune''], December 21, 1939. ''Selected Works'', Vol. II pp. 337-38. Quoted in the ''[[Quotations of Chairman Mao Zedong]]'', Chapter 17: Serving the People.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chinese still cherish memory of Norman Bethune |work=People's Daily Online |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200412/23/eng20041223_168381.html |date=December 22, 2004 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |last=Jingqing Yang |title=Serve the People: Ethics of Medicine in China |conference=EASP 5th Conference: Welfare Reform in East Asia |publisher=East Asia Social Policy |location=National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan |date=November 3, 2008 |url=http://www.welfareasia.org/5thconference/papers/Yang%20J_communist%20ideology%20and%20professional%20ethics.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.welfareasia.org/5thconference/papers/Yang%20J_communist%20ideology%20and%20professional%20ethics.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref>}}
[[File:Comrade Bethune&#039;s Unselfish Spirit poster.png|thumb|1968 propaganda poster depicting Bethune with a quotation from Mao's eulogy for him]]
During the [[Third Front (China)|Third Front]] campaign to develop basic industry and national defense industry in China's interior, the eulogy was frequently assigned for Third Front workers to read.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Meyskens |first=Covell F. |url= |title=Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China |date=2020 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-78478-8 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |oclc=1145096137}}</ref>{{Rp|page=94}} 

Bethune is one of the few Westerners to whom China has dedicated statues, of which many have been erected in his honour throughout the country. He is buried in the Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery, [[Shijiazhuang]], [[Hebei]] Province, China, where his tomb and memorial hall lie opposite the tomb of [[Dwarkanath Kotnis]], an Indian doctor also honoured for his humanitarian efforts in China.<ref>{{cite web|title=North China Martyrs Cemetery|url=https://www.tracesofwar.com/sights/92040/North-China-Martyrs-Cemetery.htm|website=www.tracesofwar.com}}</ref>

Elsewhere in China, the Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences ({{zh|c=白求恩医科大学}}) in [[Changchun]], [[Jilin province]], was one of the eleven national medical universities directly subordinated to [[Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China]]. The predecessor of this university was the Hygiene School of {{Interlanguage link multi|Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region|zh|3=晋察冀军区}} of the [[Eighth Route Army]] (八路军晋察冀军区卫生学校 in [[Chinese characters|Chinese]]) founded in 1939 by Bethune's advocacy. The school developed with Bethune Hygiene School (February 16, 1940), Bethune Medical School (Jan 1946), Bethune Medical University (June 1946), {{Interlanguage link multi|Medical University of North China|zh|3=华北医科大学}} (1948), {{Interlanguage link multi|First Military Medical University (1948–1958)|lt=First Military Medical University|zh|3=中国人民解放军第一军医大学 (1958年前)}} (1951 in [[Tianjin]]), moved to [[Changchun]] in 1954, Medical College of Changchun (July 1958), Medical University of Jilin (June 1959), Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences (March 1978), merged into [[Jilin University]] as {{Interlanguage link multi|Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University|zh|3=吉林大学白求恩医学部}} in 2000. There are at least three dedicated statues of Bethune in this university: in the west square of College of Basic Medicine, in the Second Affiliated Hospital and in the Third Affiliated Hospital.

He is also commemorated at three institutions in [[Shijiazhuang]] – Bethune Military Medical College, Bethune Specialized Medical College and Bethune International Peace Hospital. In Canada, Norman Bethune College at [[York University]], and [[Dr. Norman Bethune Collegiate Institute]] (a secondary school) in [[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]], [[Ontario]], are named after him.

The biannually awarded {{Interlanguage link multi|Bethune Medal|zh|3=白求恩奖章}} ({{zh|c=白求恩奖章}}), established in 1991, is the highest medical honour in China, bestowed to up to seven individuals by the [[Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of Health]] and [[Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of Personnel]] of China, to recognize outstanding contribution, heroic spirit and great humanitarianism in the medical field.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2009-04/10/content_11163574.htm |title=白求恩奖章 |trans-title=Bethune Medal |work=Xinhua News Agency |language=zh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105102259/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2009-04/10/content_11163574.htm |archive-date=January 5, 2014 }}</ref>

The 2007 [[Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival]] featured as its central theme a memorial to Bethune.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

Bethune is among the "foreign friends of China" that [[Xi Jinping]] cites in [[Foreign policy of Xi Jinping|his foreign policy]] discourses in an effort to recognize the contributions of other countries to China's national liberation.<ref name=":Shan">{{Cite book |last=Shan |first=Patrick Fuliang |title=China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment |publisher=[[Leiden University Press]] |year=2024 |isbn=9789087284411 |editor-last=Fang |editor-first=Qiang |pages=42 |chapter=What Did the CCP Learn from the Past? |editor-last2=Li |editor-first2=Xiaobing}}</ref>

===In Spain===
On February 7, 2006, the city of [[Málaga]], Spain, opened the Walk of Canadians in his memory. This avenue, which runs parallel to the beach "Crow Rock" direction to Almeria, paid tribute to the solidarity action of Dr. Norman Bethune and his colleagues who helped the population of Málaga during the [[Spanish Civil War]]. During the ceremony, a commemorative plaque was unveiled with the inscription: "Walk of Canadians – In memory of aid from the people of Canada at the hands of Norman Bethune, provided to the refugees of Málaga in February 1937". The ceremony also included a planting of an olive tree and a maple tree representative of Spain and Canada as a symbol of friendship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inauguration of the Canadians' Promenade in tribute to Norman Bethune in Malaga, Spain |url=https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/spain-espagne/media/bethune_paseo.aspx?lang=eng |website=Government of Canada |access-date=May 25, 2020 |language=en |date=February 7, 2006}}</ref>

=== In film and literature ===
''Doctor Bethune'' ({{zh |c = 白求恩大夫 |p = Bái Qiú'ēn Dàifu}}), was made in 1964;<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Jie |title=Cinematic Guerillas: Propaganda, Projectionists, and Audiences in Socialist China |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |year=2023 |isbn=9780231206273}}</ref>{{Rp|page=214}} [[Gerald Tannebaum]], an American humanitarian, played Bethune.

Bethune was the subject of a 1964 [[National Film Board of Canada]] documentary ''Bethune,'' directed by [[Donald Brittain]]. The film includes interviews with many people close to Bethune, including his biographer [[Ted Allan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wise|first1=Wyndham|title=Take One's Essential Guide to Canadian Film|date=December 15, 2001|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=9781442656208|page=1952|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oveMBgAAQBAJ&q=Bethune+Brittain&pg=PA1952|access-date=May 8, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Brittain">{{cite AV media |url=http://www.nfb.ca/film/bethune |title=Bethune |last=Brittain |first=Donald |year=1964 |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=March 5, 2009}}</ref>

[[Donald Sutherland]] played Bethune in the 1974–75 television show ''[[Witness to Yesterday]]'' hosted by [[Patrick Watson (producer)|Patrick Watson]].

Sutherland's portrayal of Bethune in ''[[Witness to Yesterday]]'' probably led to him securing the role of Bethune in two biographical films: ''Bethune'' (1977),<ref>{{cite web |title=Bethune (1977) |website=IMDB.com |date=September 18, 1977 |url = https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075743 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref> made for television on a low budget, and ''[[Bethune: The Making of a Hero]]'' (1990).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bethune: The Making of a Hero (1990) |website=IMDB.com |date=September 17, 1993 |url = https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0099127 |access-date = August 6, 2015}}</ref> The latter, based on a 1952 book ''The Scalpel, The Sword; The Story Of Doctor Norman Bethune'' by [[Ted Allan]] and [[Sydney Gordon]],<ref>{{cite book |first1=Ted |last1=Allan |first2=Sydney |last2=Gordon |title=The Scalpel, the Sword: The Story of Dr. Norman Bethune |edition=Revised |publisher=[[McClelland & Stewart]] |date=1989 |isbn=0-7710-0729-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/scalpelsword0000unse }}</ref> was a co-production of [[Telefilm Canada]], the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]], FR3 TV France and China Film Co-production.

In the CBC's ''[[The Greatest Canadian]]'' program in 2004, he was voted the 26th Greatest Canadian by viewers.

In 2006, [[China Central Television]] produced a 20-part drama series, ''Norman Bethune'' (诺尔曼·白求恩), documenting his life, which with a budget of [[Renminbi|yuan]] 30&nbsp;million (US$3.75&nbsp;million) was the most expensive Chinese TV series to date. The series is directed by [[Yang Yang (director)|Yang Yang]] and starred Canadian actor Trevor Hayes.<ref>{{cite news |author=Xinhua |title = Sixty-seven years on, Canadian idealist moves China again |work=People's Daily Online |date=August 31, 2006 |url = http://english.people.com.cn/200608/31/eng20060831_298507.html |access-date=September 1, 2006}}</ref>

The 2006 novel ''The Communist's Daughter,'' by [[Dennis Bock]], is a fictionalized account of Bethune's life.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bock |first=Dennis |title=The Communist's Daughter |date=2007 |orig-year=2006 |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Kopf |isbn=978-1-4000-4462-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/communistsdaught00bock }}</ref>

[[Adrienne Clarkson]], a Chinese-Canadian and former [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]], wrote a biography of Bethune<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.extraordinarycanadians.com/subjects/bethune.php|title = Search Results}}</ref> and tells his story in the companion documentary 'Adrienne Clarkson on Norman Bethune.<ref>{{YouTube|7npkIYEGyNw|'Adrienne Clarkson on Norman Bethune'}}</ref>

The Bethune biographer, Roderick Stewart, has produced five books on Norman Bethune, including ''Bethune'' (1973),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bethune0000stew|isbn = 9780773771253|title = Bethune|year = 1975|last1 = Stewart|first1 = Roderick| publisher=Paperjacks }}</ref>  ''The Canadians:  Norman Bethune'' (1974),  and ''The Mind of Norman Bethune'' (1990).  In 2011, he co-authored with Sharon Stewart, ''Phoenix:  The Life of Norman Bethune'',  a book which Canadian author Michael Bliss, in his review in ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'', said, "should become the definitive basis for all serious discussion of Bethune".<ref>{{cite news |last=Bliss |first=Michael |title=Phoenix: The Life of Norman Bethune Reviewed by Michael Bliss |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/phoenix-the-life-of-norman-bethune-reviewed-by-michael-bliss/article585179/ |date=July 1, 2011 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref> In 2014 ''Bethune in Spain'', written by Stewart and co-author Jesus Majada, was published by [[Oberon Press]].

The television miniseries ''[[Canada: A People's History]]'', by [[CBC Television]], briefly mentioned Bethune's story during the episode describing Canadians in the [[Spanish Civil War]].

When the CBC decided to produce a film version of Rod Langley's 1973 play ''Bethune'', they offered the leading role to Donald Sutherland. After accepting, Sutherland persuaded the CBC to allow Thomas Rickman to rework the Langley script. Rickman's script, based on Roderick Stewart's 1973 biography ''Bethune'', was used in ''Bethune'', the 1977 CBC film production.

The character Jerome Martell in [[Hugh MacLennan]]'s novel ''[[The Watch That Ends the Night]]'' is generally thought to have been inspired by Bethune, a claim MacLennan denied, though they were known to one another and MacLennan based much of his writing off his own life experiences. Canadian rock group [[The Tragically Hip]] wrote their 1992 hit [[Courage (for Hugh MacLennan)]] in tribute to the author and in reference to ''The Watch'' in particular. The song's refrain 'Courage, it couldn't have come at a worse time' is a reference to the novel's climax, in which the 'Bethunian' qualities of Jerome Martell are at their peak.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

''The Secret History of the Intrepids'', by D. K. Latta, is an [[Alternate history|alternate-history]] fantasy story imagining Norman Bethune, [[William Stephenson]], [[Grey Owl]] and others as 1940s superheroes. It was published in the 2013 anthology, ''Masked Mosaic: Canadian Super Stories''.

In the science fiction novel ''[[The Three-Body Problem (novel)|The Three-Body Problem]]'' by Cixin Liu, a foreigner named Mike Evans is given the nickname "Bethune" by the inhabitants of a remote area in northwestern China.

Norman Bethune is a character in the novel ''Los pacientes del doctor García'' by [[Almudena Grandes]], where he teaches the titular character his blood transfusion techniques in a besieged [[Madrid]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]].