Editing Noise (section)

== Health effects ==
{{Main article|Health effects from noise|Noise-induced hearing loss}}
[[File:20230609 Average noise levels outside US homes.svg |thumb|More than a quarter of US residences have average outside noise levels exceeding the maximum nighttime outside noise level recommended by the World Health Organization.<ref name=NYTimes_20230609>{{cite news |last1=Baumgaertner |first1=Emily |last2=Kao |first2=Jason |last3=Lutz |first3=Eleanor |last4=Sedgwick |first4=Josephine |last5=Taylor |first5=Rumsey |last6=Throop |first6=Noah |last7=Williams |first7=Josh |display-authors=4 |title=Noise Could Take Years Off Your Life Here's How. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html |work=The New York Times |date=June 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609161926/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/09/health/noise-exposure-health-impacts.html |archive-date=June 9, 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[File:Система производственного контроля эффективности СИЗ органа слуха.jpg |thumb|HPD fit testing<ref name="Lee-2022">{{cite journal |author=Kah Heng Lee |author2=Geza Benke |author3=Dean Mckenzie |title=The efficacy of earplugs at a major hazard facility |journal=Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine |date=2022 |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=107–114 |doi=10.1007/s13246-021-01087-y |pmid=35023076 |url=https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-807643/v1 |access-date=2022-08-10 |publisher=Springler |s2cid=221812245 |language=en |issn=2662-4729}}</ref>]]
Exposure to noise is associated with several negative health outcomes. Depending on duration and level of exposure, noise may cause or increase the likelihood of [[hearing loss]], [[high blood pressure]], [[ischemic heart disease]], [[sleep disturbances]],  [[Congenital disorder|injuries]], and even decreased school performance.<ref name="PMID10698728">{{Cite journal|last1=Passchier-Vermeer|first1=W|last2=Passchier|first2=W F|date=2000-03-01|title=Noise exposure and public health.|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=108|issue=Suppl 1|pages=123–131|issn=0091-6765|pmc=1637786|pmid=10698728|doi=10.1289/ehp.00108s1123|jstor=3454637|bibcode=2000EnvHP.108S.123P}}</ref> When noise is prolonged, the body's stress responses can be triggered; which can include increased heartbeat, and rapid breathing.<ref name="ovidsp.ovid.com"/> There are also causal relationships between noise and psychological effects such as annoyance, psychiatric disorders, and effects on psychosocial well-being.<ref name="PMID10698728" />

Noise exposure has increasingly been identified as a [[public health]] issue, especially in an occupational setting, as demonstrated with the creation of NIOSH's Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention program.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/noise/default.html|title=CDC – Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topi|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> Noise has also proven to be an [[occupational hazard]], as it is the most common work-related pollutant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2016/04/27/hearing-loss-years-lost/|title=Measuring the Impact of Hearing Loss on Quality of Life|last=Masterson|first=Elizabeth|date=2016-04-27|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref>  Noise-induced hearing loss, when associated with noise exposure at the workplace is also called [[occupational hearing loss]]. For example, some occupational studies have shown a relation between those who are regularly exposed to noise above 85 decibels to have higher blood pressure than those who are not exposed.<ref name="ovidsp.ovid.com"/><ref>Stansfield, S. A., & Matheson, M. P. (2003). Noise pollution:  Non-auditory  effects  on  health. British Medical Bulletin, 68, 243-257.</ref>

=== Hearing loss prevention ===
While [[noise-induced hearing loss]] is permanent, it is also preventable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss#6|title=Noise-induced Hearing Loss|date=March 2014|website=National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)|publisher=National Institute of Health|access-date=June 16, 2016}}</ref> Particularly in the workplace, regulations may exist limiting [[permissible exposure limit]] to noise. This can be especially important for professionals working in settings with consistent exposure to loud sounds, such as [[musician]]s, music teachers and [[audio engineer]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2015/07/07/musicians-hearing-loss/|title=Turn it Down: Reducing the Risk of Hearing Disorders Among Musicians |last1=Kardous|first1=Chuck |last2=Morata|first2=Thais|date=2015-07-07|website= Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2016-06-15|last3=Themann|first3=Christa|last4=Spears|first4=Patricia|last5=Afanuh|first5=Sue}}</ref> Examples of measures taken to prevent noise-induced hearing loss in the workplace include engineering noise control, the [[Buy Quiet|Buy-Quiet]] initiative,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/buyquiet/default.html/ |title=Buy Quiet |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2016-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2011/11/04/buy-quiet/|title=Buy Quiet|last1=Hudson|first1=Heidi|last2=Hayden|first2=Chuck|date=2011-11-04|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> creation of the [[Safe-In-Sound award]], and noise surveillance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2009/11/24/hearing/|title=Workplace Hearing Loss|last1=Murphy|first1=William|last2=Tak|first2=SangWoo|date=2009-11-24|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref>

[[OSHA]] requires the use of [[hearing protection]]. But the HPD (without individual selection, training and [[Hearing protection fit-testing|fit testing]]) does not significantly reduce the risk of hearing loss.<ref name="AIHA-6-11">{{cite book |last1=Berger |first1=Elliott H.|last2= Voix |first2= Jérémie |editor=D.K. Meinke |editor2=E.H. Berger |editor3=R. Neitzel |editor4=D.P. Driscoll |editor5=K. Bright |title=The Noise Manual |date=2018 |publisher=American Industrial Hygiene Association |location=Falls Church, Virginia |pages=255–308 |edition=6th |url=https://online-ams.aiha.org/amsssa/ecssashop.show_product_detail?p_mode=detail&p_product_serno=2719 |access-date=10 August 2022 |language=en |chapter=Chapter 11: Hearing Protection Devices}}</ref> For example, one study covered more than 19 thousand workers, some of whom usually used hearing protective devices, and some did not use them at all. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of noise-induced hearing loss.<ref name="Groenewold-2014">{{cite journal |author=Groenewold M.R. |author2=Masterson E.A. |author3=Themann C.L. |author4=Davis R.R. |title=Do hearing protectors protect hearing? |journal=American Journal of Industrial Medicine |date=2014 |volume=57 |issue=9 |pages=1001–1010 |doi=10.1002/ajim.22323 |pmid=24700499 |url=https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/36768 |access-date=15 October 2022 |publisher=Wiley Periodicals |pmc=4671486 |issn=1097-0274}}</ref>