Editing Nicotinamide (section)

===Industrial production===
The hydrolysis of [[nicotinonitrile]] is catalysed by the enzyme [[nitrile hydratase]] from ''[[Rhodococcus rhodochrous]]'' J1,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagasawa T, Mathew CD, Mauger J, Yamada H | title = Nitrile Hydratase-Catalyzed Production of Nicotinamide from 3-Cyanopyridine in Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 | journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology | volume = 54 | issue = 7 | pages = 1766–1769 | date = July 1988 | pmid = 16347686 | pmc = 202743 | doi = 10.1128/AEM.54.7.1766-1769.1988 | bibcode = 1988ApEnM..54.1766N }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title = White Biotechnology| veditors = Ulber R, Sell D |chapter = Building Blocks|volume = 105|series = Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology|isbn = 978-3-540-45695-7|doi = 10.1007/10_033|pmid = 17408083|pages = 133–173|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_tXoG93OWHgC&pg=PA141|publisher = [[Springer Science & Business Media]]|year = 2007|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171105201921/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=_tXoG93OWHgC&pg=PA141|archive-date = 5 November 2017 | vauthors = Hilterhaus L, Liese A |s2cid = 34552222}}</ref><ref name=Synthesis2015>{{cite book|title = Biocatalysis in Organic Synthesis 1|series = Science of Synthesis|publisher = [[Georg Thieme Verlag]]|year = 2015|chapter = Enzymatic Synthesis of Amides| vauthors = Schmidberger JW, Hepworth LJ, Green AP, Flitsch SL |pages = 329–372|isbn = 978-3-13-176611-3| veditors  = Faber K, Fessner WD, Turner NJ |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8h_wBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA362|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171105201921/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8h_wBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA362|archive-date = 5 November 2017}}</ref> producing 3500 tons per annum of nicotinamide for use in animal feed.<ref>{{cite book|title = Biocatalysis in Organic Synthesis 1|series = Science of Synthesis|publisher = [[Georg Thieme Verlag]]|year = 2015|chapter = Hydrolysis of Nitriles to Amides|vauthors = Asano Y |pages = 255–276|isbn = 978-3-13-176611-3| veditors = Faber K, Fessner WD, Turner NJ |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8h_wBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA256|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171105201921/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8h_wBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA256|archive-date = 5 November 2017}}</ref> The enzyme allows for a more selective synthesis as further hydrolysis of the amide to [[nicotinic acid]] is avoided.<ref>{{cite journal|title = Biocatalysis| vauthors = Petersen M, Kiener A |doi = 10.1039/A809538H|journal = [[Green Chem.]]|year = 1999|volume = 1|issue = 2|pages = 99–106}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title = Biocatalysis in Organic Synthesis 1|series = Science of Synthesis|publisher = [[Georg Thieme Verlag]]|year = 2015|chapter = Historical Perspectives: Paving the Way for the Future | vauthors = Servi S, Tessaro D, Hollmann F |pages = 1–39|isbn = 978-3-13-176611-3 | veditors = Faber NJ, Fessner WD, Turner K |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8h_wBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171105201921/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8h_wBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7|archive-date = 5 November 2017}}</ref> Nicotinamide can also be made from nicotinic acid. According to ''[[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry]]'', worldwide 31,000 tons of nicotinamide were sold in 2014.<ref name=Ullmann2015/>