Editing Nice (section)

===20th century===
[[File:Nice from Baedeker.jpg|thumb|upright|Nice in 1914]]

In 1900, the [[Trams in Nice|Tramway de Nice]] electrified its horse-drawn streetcars and spread its network to the entire ''département'' from [[Menton]] to [[Cagnes-sur-Mer]]. By the 1930s more bus connections were added in the area.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} In the 1930s, Nice hosted international car racing in the [[Formula Libre]] (predecessor to [[Formula One]]) on the so-called Circuit Nice. The circuit started along the waterfront just south of the Jardin Albert I, then headed westward along the [[Promenade des Anglais]] followed by a hairpin turn at the [[Hotel Negresco]] to come back eastward and around the Jardin Albert I before heading again east along the beach on the Quai des Etats-Unis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bestofniceblog.com/history-nice-france/nice-grand-prix/|title=Nice Grand Prix|newspaper=Best of Nice |access-date=25 September 2019|archive-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925172454/http://www.bestofniceblog.com/history-nice-france/nice-grand-prix/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As war broke out in September 1939, Nice became a city of refuge for many displaced foreigners, notably Jews fleeing the Nazi progression into Eastern Europe. From Nice many sought further shelter in the [[French colonial empire|French colonies]], Morocco and North and South America. After July 1940 and the establishment of the [[Vichy France|Vichy Regime]], [[antisemitism|antisemitic]] aggressions accelerated the exodus, starting in July 1941 and continuing through 1942. On 26 August 1942, 655 Jews of foreign origin were rounded up by the Laval government and interned in the Auvare barracks. Of these, 560 were deported to [[Drancy internment camp]] on 31 August 1942. Due to the activity of the Jewish banker [[Angelo Donati]] and of the Capuchin friar [[Père Marie-Benoît]] the local authorities hindered the application of anti-Jewish Vichy laws.<ref>Léon Poliakov, ''La conditions des Juifs sous l'occupation italienne'', Paris, CDJC, 1946 and bibliographies of [[Angelo Donati]] and [[Père Marie-Benoît]]</ref>

The first [[French Resistance|''résistants'']] to the new regime were a group of high school seniors of the Lycée de Nice, now {{ill|Lycée Masséna|fr}}, in September 1940, later arrested and executed in 1944 near [[Verdon Gorge|Castellane]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} The first public demonstrations occurred on 14 July 1942 when several hundred protesters took to the streets along the Avenue de la Victoire and in the Place Masséna.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} In November 1942 German troops moved into most of unoccupied France, but Italian troops moved into a smaller zone including Nice.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} A certain ambivalence remained among the population, many of whom were recent immigrants of Italian ancestry. However, the resistance gained momentum after the Italian surrender in 1943 when the German army occupied the former Italian zone.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} Reprisals intensified between December 1943 and July 1944, when many partisans were tortured and executed by the local [[Gestapo]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} American paratroopers entered the city on 30 August 1944 and Nice was finally liberated.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} The consequences of the war were heavy: the population decreased by 15% {{citation needed|date=November 2017}} and economic life was totally disrupted.

In the second half of the 20th century, Nice enjoyed an economic boom primarily driven by tourism and construction. Two men dominated this period: [[Jean Médecin]], [[Mayor (France)|mayor]] for 33 years from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and his son [[Jacques Médecin|Jacques]], mayor for 24 years from 1966 to 1990. Under their leadership, there was extensive urban renewal, including many new constructions. These included the convention centre, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways. The arrival of the [[Pied-Noir|Pieds-Noirs]], refugees from Algeria after 1962 independence, also gave the city a boost and somewhat changed the make-up of its population and traditional views.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}} By the late 1980s, rumors of political corruption in the city government surfaced; and eventually formal accusations against Jacques Médecin forced him to flee France in 1990. Later arrested in [[Uruguay]] in 1993, he was extradited back to France in 1994, convicted of several counts of corruption and associated crimes and sentenced to imprisonment.

On 16 October 1979, a [[landslide]] and an undersea slide caused two [[tsunami]]s that hit the western coast of Nice; these [[1979 Nice events|events]] killed between 8 and 23 people.