Editing Newark, New Jersey (section)

===2020===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Newark, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 1990<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Jersey: 1990 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-32-1.pdf |access-date=June 19, 2024 |archive-date=June 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605082907/https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-32-1.pdf? |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Newark city, New Jersey|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US3451000&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Newark city, New Jersey|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3451000&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 26, 2024}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Newark city, New Jersey|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3451000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 26, 2024|archive-date=January 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128021034/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US3451000&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|url-status=live}}</ref>
!% 1990
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|45,344
|38,950
|32,122
|style='background: #ffffe6; |24,916
|16.48%
|14.24%
|11.59%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8.00%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|153,703
|142,083
|138,074
|style='background: #ffffe6; |147,905
|55.85%
|51.94%
|49.82%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |47.47%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|502
|529
|713
|style='background: #ffffe6; |572
|0.18%
|0.19%
|0.26%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.18%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|2,826
|3,138
|4,318
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4,871
|1.03%
|1.15%
|1.56%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.56%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|N/A
|69
|68
|style='background: #ffffe6; |63
|N/A
|0.03%
|0.02%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.02%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|1,085
|2,034
|3,899
|style='background: #ffffe6; |7,379
|0.39%
|0.74%
|1.41%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2.37%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|N/A
|6,121
|4,200
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12,469
|N/A
|2.24%
|1.52%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.00%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|71,761
|80,622
|93,746
|style='background: #ffffe6; |113,374
|26.07%
|29.47%
|33.83%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |36.39%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''275,221'''
|'''273,546'''
|'''277,140'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''311,549'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

From the 1950s to 1967, Newark's non-Hispanic white population shrank from 363,000 to 158,000; its black population grew from 70,000 to 220,000.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/pov/streetfight/special_overview.php "Newark: A Brief History: From Puritan stronghold to industrial mecca to 'Renaissance City,' Newark, New Jersey, one of the poorest cities in the US, has undergone a series of radical transformations."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117051752/http://www.pbs.org/pov/streetfight/special_overview.php |date=November 17, 2015 }}, [[PBS]]. Accessed April 7, 2015.</ref> The percentage of non-Hispanic whites declined from 82.8% in 1950 to 11.6% by 2010.<ref name=Census1790to1990>Gibson, Campbell; and Jung, Kay. [https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/working-papers/2005/demo/POP-twps0076.pdf#page=82 ''Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128120739/https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/working-papers/2005/demo/POP-twps0076.pdf#page=82 |date=January 28, 2021 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]], February 2005. Accessed December 27, 2023.</ref><ref name="census1">[http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3451000.html State & County QuickFacts for Newark (city), New Jersey] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050313174258/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/3451000.html |date=March 13, 2005 }} [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed April 7, 2015.</ref><ref name=Arena/> The percentage of Latinos and Hispanics in Newark grew between 1980 and 2010, from 18.6% to 33.8% while that of Blacks and African Americans decreased from 58.2% to 52.4%.<ref>Gillespie, Andra; Perry, Ravi K. (editor). [https://books.google.com/books?id=hHvvH6bd7-YC&pg=PA33 "Chapter 3 – Beyond Booker: Assessing the Prospects of Black and Latino Mayoral Contenders in Newark, New Jersey"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628080818/https://books.google.com/books?id=hHvvH6bd7-YC&pg=PA33#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=June 28, 2024 }} in ''21st Century Urban Race Politics: Representing Minorities as Universal Interests'', p. 33. Emerald Group Publishing, 2013. {{ISBN|9781781901847}}. Accessed April 7, 2015.</ref><ref>Gillespie, Andra. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fnsyedSOpuIC ''The New Black Politician: Cory Booker, Newark, and Post-Racial America''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628081320/https://books.google.com/books?id=fnsyedSOpuIC |date=June 28, 2024 }}, [[New York University Press]], 2012. {{ISBN|978-0814732441}}. Accessed June 13, 2016.</ref><ref>Giambusso, David. [http://www.nj.com/essex/index.ssf/2013/09/with_council_president_vote_ras_baraka_could_win_latino_support.html "With Newark council president vote, Ras Baraka could win Latino support"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216004214/http://www.nj.com/essex/index.ssf/2013/09/with_council_president_vote_ras_baraka_could_win_latino_support.html |date=December 16, 2013 }}, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', September 22, 2013. Accessed June 13, 2016.</ref><ref>Wharton, Jonathon L. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRZEAgAAQBAJ ''A Post-Racial Change Is Gonna Come Newark, Cory Booker, and the Transformation of Urban America''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628081347/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRZEAgAAQBAJ |date=June 28, 2024 }}, [[Springer Publishing]], 2013. {{ISBN|9781137277725}}. Accessed June 13, 2016.</ref>

At the [[American Community Survey]]'s 2018 estimates, [[non-Hispanic whites]] made up 8.9% of the population. [[African Americans|Black or African Americans]] were 47.0% of the population, [[Asian Americans]] were 2.1%, some other race 1.6%, and [[multiracial Americans]] 1.1%. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics or Latinos]] of any race made up 39.2% of the city's population in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Newark%20city,%20New%20Jersey&g=1600000US3451000&hidePreview=false&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05&vintage=2018&layer=VT_2018_160_00_PY_D1&cid=DP05_0001E|title=2018 ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates|website=data.census.gov|access-date=March 28, 2020|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804104935/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Newark%20city%2C%20New%20Jersey&g=1600000US3451000&hidePreview=false&tid=ACSDP1Y2018.DP05&vintage=2018&layer=VT_2018_160_00_PY_D1&cid=DP05_0001E|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2010, 35.74% of the population was white, 58.86% African American, 3.99% Native American or Alaska Native, 2.19% Asian, .01% Pacific Islander, 10.4% from other races, and 10.95% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 33.39% of the population at the 2010 U.S. census.<ref name=":0" />

The racial makeup of the city in 2000 was 53.46% (146,250) black or African American, 26.52% (72,537) white, 1.19% (3,263) Asian, 0.37% (1,005) Native American, 0.05% (135) Pacific Islander, 14.05% (38,430) from other races, and 4.36% (11,926) from two or more races. 29.47% (80,622) of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.<ref name="Census2000" /><ref name="Census2000SF1" /> 49.2% of the city's 80,622 residents who identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino were from [[Puerto Rico]], while 9.4% were from [[Ecuador]] and 7.8% from the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/QTP9/1600000US3451000 QT-P9 – Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2000 from the Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Newark city, New Jersey] {{Webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20200212095243/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/QTP9/1600000US3451000 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed August 21, 2013.</ref> There is a significant Portuguese-speaking community concentrated in the [[Ironbound]] district. 2000 census data showed that Newark had 15,801 residents of Portuguese ancestry (5.8% of the population), while an additional 5,805 (2.1% of the total) were of Brazilian ancestry.<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF3/QTP13/1600000US3451000 QT-P13 – Ancestry: 2000 from the Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) – Sample Data for Newark city, New Jersey] {{Webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20200212112207/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF3/QTP13/1600000US3451000 |date=February 12, 2020 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed August 21, 2013.</ref>

In advance of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], city officials made a push to encourage residents to respond and participate in the enumeration, citing calculations by city officials that as many as 30,000 people were not reflected in estimates by the [[United States Census Bureau|Census Bureau]], which resulted in the loss of government aid and political representation.<ref>Cohn, D'Vera. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/2000-03/25/053r-032500-idx.html "In Newark, a High-Stakes Push to Improve the Census; Overlooked Residents Cost City Dearly in '90s"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510160205/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/2000-03/25/053r-032500-idx.html |date=May 10, 2017 }}, ''[[The Washington Post]]'', March 25, 2000. Accessed June 14, 2016. "Census estimates show that Newark's population has leveled off at 267,000 after dropping for decades. Newark officials, including Campana, the city's assistant business manager and chief census technocrat, insist there are more than 300,000 people here."</ref> It is believed that heavily immigrant areas of Newark were significantly undercounted in the 2010 census, especially in the East Ward. Many households refused to participate in the census, with immigrants often reluctant to submit census forms because they believed that the information could be used to justify their deportation.<ref>Mascarenhas, Rohan. [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/04/census_bureau_makes_final_push.html "Census Bureau makes final push for N.J. residents to submit forms"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113103407/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/04/census_bureau_makes_final_push.html |date=November 13, 2011 }}, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', April 15, 2010. Accessed September 13, 2011.</ref>

At one time, there was an [[Italian Americans|Italian American]] community in the [[Seventh Avenue, Newark|Seventh Avenue]] neighborhood.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://orderisda.org/culture/la-nostra-voce/the-vanishing-of-the-first-ward-newarks-original-little-italy/|title= The Vanishing of the First Ward, Newark's Original Little Italy|date= September 7, 2020|access-date= September 24, 2023|archive-date= June 27, 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230627123806/https://orderisda.org/culture/la-nostra-voce/the-vanishing-of-the-first-ward-newarks-original-little-italy/|url-status= live}}</ref>