Editing New Zealand literature (section)

===Māori and Pasifika writing===
[[File:Witi Ihimaera (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Witi Ihimaera]] at the premiere of his play, ''All My Sons'', at the [[Circa Theatre]], Wellington, on 11 November 2015|left|upright]]
After the [[Second World War]], Māori began to move into urban areas and had more educational opportunities available, which led to the emergence of Māori writing in English.<ref name="Roots"/> In 1948 the debut novel ''The Cunninghams'' by Māori author [[David Ballantyne]] was published. He was not promoted at that time as being a Maori author.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=The strange case of the first Māori author |url=https://www.newsroom.co.nz/page/the-strange-case-of-the-first-maori-author?mc_cid=66f4e5a8ac |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Newsroom |language=en-AU}}</ref> In 1964, [[Hone Tuwhare]], the first Māori poet to be distinguished for English poetry, published his first book, ''No Ordinary Sun'', and in 1966 [[Jacquie Sturm]] became the first Māori writer to appear in a major anthology of New Zealand short stories.<ref name="Brit CK"/> Authors like Sturm, [[Arapera Blank]], [[Rowley Habib]] and [[Patricia Grace]] were published for the first time in ''Te Ao Hou'' and became widely known and respected.<ref name="Development">{{cite web |last1=Holman |first1=Jeffrey Paparoa |title=Development of Māori fiction – Māori fiction – ngā tuhinga paki |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/maori-fiction-nga-tuhinga-paki/page-2 |website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date=17 February 2021 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126144237/https://teara.govt.nz/en/maori-fiction-nga-tuhinga-paki/page-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Witi Ihimaera]] was the first Māori writer to publish a collection of short stories (''Pounamu, Pounamu)'' in 1972 and the first to publish a novel (''Tangi)'' in 1973. His novel ''Whale Rider'' (1987) was adapted into an [[Whale Rider|internationally successful film]] in 2002.<ref name="Development"/> The notable anthology ''Into the World of Light'' (1982), edited by Ihimaera and [[Don Long (writer)|Don Long]], collected the work of 39 Māori writers. The editors observed that publishers in the mid-20th century were reluctant to publish books by Māori writers because of a belief that Māori "don't read books".<ref name="OCNZL Into">{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Millar |first1=Paul |editor1-last=Robinson |editor1-first=Roger |editor2-last=Wattie |editor2-first=Nelson |encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature |title=Into the World of Light: An Anthology of Maori Writing |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195583489.001.0001/acref-9780195583489-e-584 |access-date=14 April 2021 |date=2006 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-1917-3519-6 |oclc=865265749 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195583489.001.0001 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414110111/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195583489.001.0001/acref-9780195583489-e-584 |url-status=live }}</ref>  Grace was the first Māori woman writer to publish a short story collection (''Waiariki)'' in 1975 and has since received international awards and acclaim for her books for adults and children.<ref name="Development"/> [[Keri Hulme]] and [[Alan Duff]] were the best-known Māori writers to follow Grace and Ihimaera. Duff is known for the widely acclaimed ''[[Once Were Warriors]]'' (1990), which became a [[Once Were Warriors (film)|successful 1994 film]] and has never been out of print.<ref name="Māori and Pacific">{{cite web |last1=Wevers |first1=Lydia |title=Māori and Pacific writers and writing about Māori – Story: Fiction |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/fiction/page-10 |website=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date=24 February 2021 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215753/https://teara.govt.nz/en/fiction/page-10 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Karlo_Mila_MNZM_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|227x227px|[[Karlo Mila]] MNZM ]]
A 1985 article published in the literary journal ''Landfall'' by [[Miriama Evans]] outlined a lack of publishing of Māori writers with the following being recognised but "largely unpublished": [[Ani Hona|Ani Hona (Te Aniwa Bisch)]] who received a Literary Fund grant in 1977, [[Rowley Habib]] who held the [[Katherine Mansfield Menton Fellowship]] in 1984, [[Bub Bridger]] who received a grant to attend the First International Feminist Book Fair (London) in 1984, and [[Bruce Stewart (playwright)|Bruce Stewart]], who received grants from the [[Creative New Zealand|Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council]] and the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] to represent New Zealand at The Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies Conference in [[Fiji]] in 1985.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Evans |first=Miriama |date=March 1985 |title=Politics and Maori Literature |journal=Landfall |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=40–44}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Conferences |url=http://aclals.net/conferences/ |website=ASLACS}}</ref> The Māori owned independent publisher [[Huia Publishers]] was established in 1991 by [[Robyn Bargh]] to platform Māori writers and perspectives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Publishers / Ngā Kaitā |url=https://www.maorilithub.co.nz/publishers-nga-kaita/ |access-date=5 June 2023 |website=Māori Literature Hub}}</ref> 

Māori literature is closely connected to [[Pacific Islander|Pasifika]] literature.<ref name="Makereti">{{cite encyclopedia |editor1-last=Frow |editor1-first=John|last1=Makereti |first1=Tina |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Literary Theory |date=30 June 2020 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://oxfordre.com/literature/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.001.0001/acrefore-9780190201098-e-984 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.984 |access-date=16 May 2022 |chapter=Indigenous Studies: Aotearoa/New Zealand|isbn=978-0-19-020109-8 }}</ref> Notable [[Pasifika New Zealanders|Pasifika]] (Pacific Islander) writers with connections to New Zealand include [[Albert Wendt]], [[Alistair Te Ariki Campbell]], [[Karlo Mila]], [[John Pule]], [[Lani Wendt Young]], [[Courtney Sina Meredith]], [[Oscar Kightley]] and [[Selina Tusitala Marsh]].<ref name="Rodger">{{cite web |last1=Rodger |first1=Victor |title=Pacific Writing in New Zealand: The Niu Wave |url=https://www.anzliterature.com/feature/pacific-writing-new-zealand-niu-wave/ |website=Academy of New Zealand Literature |access-date=19 February 2021 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901042330/https://www.anzliterature.com/feature/pacific-writing-new-zealand-niu-wave/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Where are our Pasifika writers? |url=https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/pasifika/our-community/news/news-archives/2016-news/where-are-our-pasifika-writers |website=Victoria University of Wellington |access-date=17 June 2021 |date=2016 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195922/https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/pasifika/our-community/news/news-archives/2016-news/where-are-our-pasifika-writers |url-status=live }}</ref> 

Wendt is known for ''Sons for the Return Home'' (1973), which describes the experiences of a young Samoan man in New Zealand, and his later novels and short-story collections have formed the foundations for a Pasifika literature in English.<ref name="Māori and Pacific" />