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===Evolution of volunteers and militia=== From 1863 to 1867 Forest Ranger volunteer units were formed, tasked with searching out Maori war parties, acting as scouts, and protecting lines of communication. They arose out of the need to prevent ambushes and random attacks on civilians near forest areas.<ref>Notice to the coast natives, Daily Southern Cross, Volume XIX, Issue 1885, 1 August 1863, Page 4</ref> The Rangers were well armed and more highly paid. These units used guerrilla style tactics, moving through areas under cover of darkness and ambushing war parties. The Forest Rangers were disbanded on 1 October 1867.<ref>New Zealand Gazette, Daily Southern Cross, Volume XXIII, Issue 3209, 29 October 1867, Page 4</ref> :''See [[New Zealand Police]]'' Alongside the militia and the British Imperial forces were the Armed Constabulary. The Armed Constabulary were formed in 1846 with the passage of the Armed Constabulary Ordinance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rnza.co.nz/artillery_heritage/legislation/1846_constabulary_act.htm|title=1846 Constabulary Act|website=rnza.co.nz|access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> The Constabulary's role was both regular law enforcement and during the New Zealand Wars militia support. From 1867 to 1886 the Armed Constabulary were the only permanent force in New Zealand. In 1886 the militia functions of the Armed Constabulary were transferred to the New Zealand Permanent Militia by the Defence Act 1886. Lieutenant Colonel [[John Roberts]] was the Permanent Militia's first commander from January 1887 to his retirement in 1888.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1r12/1|title=Roberts, John Mackintosh|first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu|last=Taonga|access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref> [[File:Henderson and the donkey.jpg|thumb|200px|Lt. Richard Alexander "Dick" Henderson, New Zealand Medical Corps, carrying a wounded soldier on a donkey during the [[Battle of Gallipoli]].]]
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