Editing New Urbanism (section)

===United States===
{{example farm|section|date=June 2024}}
[[File:House in baldwin park.JPG|thumb|A [[Key West]] style house in [[Baldwin Park, Florida]]]]
[[File:New Urbanism.jpg|thumb|The Pier Village community in [[Long Branch, New Jersey]] in 2009]]

New Urbanism is having a growing influence on how and where metropolitan regions choose to grow. At least fourteen large-scale planning initiatives are based on the principles of linking transportation and land-use policies, and using the neighborhood as the fundamental building block of a region.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} [[Miami|Miami, Florida]] has adopted the most ambitious New Urbanist-based zoning code reform yet undertaken by a major U.S. city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnu.org/node/3166|title=Saving western Maryland before it's swallowed up|date=January 2005}}</ref>

More than six hundred [[Planned community|new towns]], villages, and neighborhoods, following New Urbanist principles, have been planned or are currently under construction in the U.S. Hundreds of new, small-scale, urban and suburban infill projects are under way to reestablish walkable streets and blocks. In Maryland and several other states, New Urbanist principles are an integral part of ''[[smart growth]]'' legislation.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

In the mid-1990s, the [[U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development]] (HUD) adopted the principles of the New Urbanism in its multibillion-dollar program to rebuild public housing projects nationwide. New Urbanists have planned and developed hundreds of projects in infill locations. Most were driven by the private sector, but many, including HUD projects, used public money.

====Prospect New Town====
Founded in the mid-1990s, [[Prospect New Town]] is Colorado's first full-scale New Urbanist community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prospectnewtown.com/story/|title=Story - Prospect New Town, Longmont, CO Homes|website=Prospect New Town|language=en|access-date=2019-06-24|archive-date=2023-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416143010/https://www.prospectnewtown.com/story/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Developer Kiki Wallace worked with the firm of [[Duany Plater Zyberk & Company]] to develop the {{convert|32|acre|adj=on}} neighborhood that was formerly his family's tree farm. Currently in its final phase of development, the neighborhood is intended to have a population of approximately 2,000 people in 585 units on 340 lots. The development includes a [[town center]] interwoven into the center of the residential area, with businesses ranging from restaurants to professional offices. The streets are oriented to maximize the view of the mountains, and the traditional town center is no more than five minutes on foot from any place in the neighborhood.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

====University Place in Memphis====
In 2010, University Place in [[Memphis, Tennessee]] became the second only [[U.S. Green Building Council]] (USGBC) LEED certified neighborhood. LEED ND (neighborhood development) standards integrates principles of smart growth, urbanism, and green building and were developed through a collaboration between USGBC, Congress for the New Urbanism, and the [[Natural Resources Defense Council]]. University Place, developed by [[McCormack Baron Salazar]], is a 405-unit, {{convert|30|acre|adj=on}}, mixed-income, mixed use, multigenerational, [[HOPE VI]] grant community that revitalized the severely distressed Lamar Terrace public housing site.<ref>[http://www.multihousingnews.com/news/south/architecture-inc-celebrates-leed-nd-certification-of-university-place-in-memphis/1004034759.html Architecture Inc. Celebrates LEED-ND Certification of University Place in Memphis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707093319/http://www.multihousingnews.com/news/south/architecture-inc-celebrates-leed-nd-certification-of-university-place-in-memphis/1004034759.html |date=2015-07-07 }}, Multi Housing News, May 18, 2011.</ref>

====The Cotton District====
[[The Cotton District]] in [[Starkville, Mississippi]] was the first New Urbanist development, begun in 1968 long before the New Urbanism movement was organized.<ref>http://www.tndtownpaper.com/Volume4/new_towns_cotton_district.htm The Town Paper, Vol. 4, No. 1 — December 2001/ January 2002</ref> The District borders Mississippi State University, and consists mostly of residential rental units for college students along with restaurants, bars and retail. The Cotton District got its name because it is built in the vicinity of an old cotton mill.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

====Seaside====
[[File:Seaside, Florida.jpg|thumb|[[Seaside, Florida]]]]

[[Seaside, Florida]], the first fully New Urbanist town, began development in 1981 on {{convert|80|acre}} of [[Florida Panhandle]] coastline. It was featured on the cover of the ''[[The Atlantic|Atlantic Monthly]]'' in 1988, when only a few streets were completed, and it has become internationally famous for its architecture, as well as the quality of its streets and public spaces.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hamer|first1=David|title=Learning from the past: Historic Districts and the New Urbanism in the United States|journal=Planning Perspectives|date=2000|volume=15|issue=2|pages=107–122|doi=10.1080/026654300364047|bibcode=2000PlPer..15..107H |s2cid=144859077}}</ref>

Seaside is now a tourist destination, and it appeared in the film ''[[The Truman Show]]'' (1998). Lots sold for US$15,000 in the early 1980s. Slightly over a decade later, in the mid-1990s, the price had escalated to about US$200,000. Today, most lots sell for more than $1&nbsp;million, and some houses top $5&nbsp;million.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}

====Mueller Community====
The [[Mueller Community]] is located on the {{convert|700|acre|adj=on}} site of the former [[Robert Mueller Municipal Airport]] in [[Austin, Texas]], which closed in 1999. Per the developer, the value of the Mueller development upon completion will be $1.3 billion, and will comprise {{convert|4.2|e6ft2}} of non-residential development, {{convert|650000|ft2}} of retail space, 4,600 homes, and {{convert|140|acre}} of open space. An estimated 10,000 permanent jobs within the development will have been created by the time it is complete. In 2012, the Mueller Community had more [[electric cars]] per capita than any other neighborhood in the United States – a fact partially attributable to an incentive program.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/electric-vehicle-program-piloted-in-austin-neighborhood/ |title=Electric Vehicle Program Piloted in Austin Neighborhood |last=Stroh |first=Katie |date=2013-01-21 |publisher=[[Texas Monthly]] |access-date=2023-08-02}}</ref>

====Stapleton====
The site of the former [[Stapleton International Airport]] in [[Denver]] and [[Aurora, Colorado]], closed in 1995, is now being redeveloped by [[Forest City Enterprises]].<ref name="LAT 2003-10-18">Vincent, Roger and Groves, Martha (October 18, 2003) [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-oct-18-fi-playa18-story.html "L.A.'s Urban Model"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Retrieved 12 October 2016</ref> Stapleton is expected to be home to at least 30,000 residents, six schools, and {{convert|2|e6ft2}} of retail. Construction began in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scienceandtech.org/ |title=DSST Web site |access-date=2007-08-24 |archive-date=2020-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130123033/http://scienceandtech.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-10-26-100-million_x.htm USA Today</ref> [[Northfield Stapleton]], one of the development's major retail centers, recently opened.

====San Antonio====
In 1997, [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]], as part of a new master plan, created new regulations called the Unified Development Code (UDC), largely influenced by New Urbanism. One feature of the UDC is six unique land development patterns that can be applied to certain districts: Conservation Development; Commercial Center Development; Office or Institutional Campus Development; Commercial Retrofit Development; Tradition Neighborhood Development; and [[Transit Oriented Development]]. Each district has specific standards and design regulations. The six development patterns were created to reflect existing development patterns.<ref>Greenburg, Ellen, 2004. Codifying New Urbanism: How to Reform Municipal Land Development Regulations. American Planning Association PAS Report Number 526</ref>

====Mountain House====
[[Mountain House, California|Mountain House]], one of the latest New Urbanist projects in the United States, is a new town located near [[Tracy, California]]. Construction started in 2001. Mountain House will consist of 12 villages, each with its own elementary school, park, and commercial area. In addition, a future [[train station]], transit center, and bus system are planned for Mountain House.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

====Mesa del Sol====
[[Mesa del Sol]], New Mexico—the largest New Urbanist project in the United States—was designed by architect [[Peter Calthorpe]], and is being developed by [[Forest City Enterprises]]. Mesa del Sol may take five decades to reach full build-out, at which time it should have: 38,000 residential units, housing a population of 100,000; a {{convert|1400|acre|adj=on}} industrial office park; four town centers; an urban center; and a [[downtown]] that would provide a [[twin towns and sister cities|twin city]] within [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]].{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

====I'On====
Located in [[Mount Pleasant, South Carolina]], [[I'On]] is a traditional neighborhood development, mixed with a new urbanism styled architecture, reflecting on the building designs of the nearby downtown areas of [[Charleston, South Carolina]]. Founded on April 30, 1995, I'On was designed by the town planning firms of Dover, Kohl & Partners and [[Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company]], and currently holds over 750 single family homes. Features of the community include extensive sidewalks, shared [[public]] greens and parks, [[trails]], and a grid of narrow, [[traffic calming]] streets. Most homes are required to have a [[front porch]] of not less than {{convert|8|ft}} in depth. Floor heights of {{convert|10|ft}}, raised foundations, and smaller lot sizes give the community a [[Urban density|dense]], vertical feel.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

====Haile Plantation====
[[Haile Plantation, Florida]], is a 2,600-household, {{convert|1,700|acre|adj=on}} development of regional impact southwest of the city of Gainesville, within Alachua County. Haile Village Center is a traditional neighborhood center within the development. It was originally started in 1978 and completed in 2007. In addition to the 2,600 homes the neighborhood consists of two merchant centers (one a New England narrow street village and the other a chain grocery strip mall), as well as two public elementary schools and an 18-hole golf course.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

====Celebration, Florida====
[[File:House in celebration.JPG|thumb|A [[Mediterranean Revival]] house in [[Celebration, Florida]]]]

In June 1996, the [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Company]] unveiled its {{convert|5,000|acre|adj=on}} town of [[Celebration, Florida|Celebration]], near Orlando, Florida. Celebration opened its downtown in October 1996, relying heavily on the experiences of Seaside, whose downtown was nearly complete. Disney shuns the label New Urbanism, calling Celebration simply a "town".{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

Celebration's Downtown has become one of the area's most popular tourist destinations making the community a showcase for New Urbanism as a prime example of the creation of a "sense of place".<ref>Celebration Business Alliance, Sept 2010</ref>

====Jersey City====
The construction of the [[Hudson Bergen Light Rail]] in [[Hudson County, New Jersey]] has spurred transit-oriented development. In [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], at least three projects are planned to transform [[brownfield]] sites, two of which have required remediation of [[toxic waste]] by previous owners:
*[[Bayfront, Jersey City|Bayfront]], once site of a [[Honeywell]] plant is a {{convert|100|acre|adj=on}} site on the [[Hackensack River]], near the planned West Campus of [[New Jersey City University]].
*[[Canal Crossing, Jersey City|Canal Crossing]], named for the former [[Morris Canal]], was once partially owned by [[PPG Industries]], and is a {{convert|117|acre|adj=on}} site west of [[Liberty State Park]].
*[[Liberty Harbor]] is on the north side of the [[Morris Canal]].

====Old York Village, Chesterfield Township, New Jersey====
The sparsely developed agricultural [[Chesterfield Township, New Jersey|Township of Chesterfield]] in [[New Jersey]] covers approximately {{convert|21.61|sqmi|km2 ha}} and has made farmland preservation a priority since the 1970s. Chesterfield has permanently preserved more than {{convert|7000|acre|km2 ha}} of farmland through state and county programs and a township-wide transfer of development credits program that directs future growth to a designated "receiving area" known as Old York Village. Old York Village is a neo-traditional, new urbanism town on {{convert|560|acre|km2 ha}} incorporating a variety of housing types, neighborhood commercial facilities, a new elementary school, civic uses, and active and passive open space areas with preserved agricultural land surrounding the planned village. Construction began in the early 2000s and a significant percentage of the community is now complete. Old York Village was the winner of the [[American Planning Association]] National Outstanding Planning Award in 2004.<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:bF_sLhalru4J:www.clarkecatonhintz.com/news_62/cch.pdf+Old+York+Village+Chesterfield&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShmUa4sV_i-RkZGv6VCfru69zqmyvd5QuPhmbvt5rknjP-2U5ceIqitHl7582Z5kNIPD4OgHwbRbyf1gybr7uRoLFeZNt2zwDdwkAHE8sIn0CrPSu1O0ENRX_hc9dHjNk6SxPjS&sig=AHIEtbSNUnz4J_fonSY-LCM60WBGc0GLxw "Old York Village, Chesterfield Wins an American Planning Association Award for an Outstanding Project/ Program/ Tool"]</ref><ref>[http://www.chesterfieldtwp.com/Smart%20Growth/smartgrowthpage.html "Old York Village Implementing Smart Growth"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001092432/http://www.chesterfieldtwp.com/Smart%20Growth/smartgrowthpage.html |date=2011-10-01 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111001092441/http://www.chesterfieldtwp.com/Smart%20Growth/Master%20Plan%20Amendment-May%2028,%202002.pdf "Master Plan Amendment: Township of Chesterfield"]</ref>

==== Civita ====
[[Civita (San Diego, California)|Civita]] is a [[Sustainable development|sustainable]], [[Transportation|transit]]-oriented {{convert|230|acre|adj=on}} master-planned village under development in the [[Mission Valley, San Diego|Mission Valley]] area of [[San Diego|San Diego, California]], [[United States]]. Located on a former [[quarry]] site, the [[Urban planning|urban]]-style village is organized around a community park that cascades down the terraced property.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sand and gravel quarry becoming a sustainable, urban village|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/dec/14/sand-and-gravel-quarry-becoming-a-sustainable/|newspaper=U-T San Diego|access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref> Civita development plans call for {{convert|70|acre}} of parks and open space, 4,780 residences (including approximately 478 [[Affordable housing|affordable]] units), an approximately {{convert|480000|ft2|adj=on}} [[Lifestyle center (retail)|retail center]], and {{convert|420000|ft2}} for an office/business campus.<ref name = urbanland>{{cite web|last=Kirk|first=Patricia|title=Civita: San Diego's New City within the City|url=http://urbanland.uli.org/planning-design/civita-san-diego-s-new-city-within-the-city/|publisher=Urban Land Magazine|access-date=16 April 2014|date=2013-04-19}}</ref><ref name = leung>{{cite news|last=Leung|first=Lily|title=Mission Valley's 230-acre Civita to debut|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/dec/07/an-open-house-at-civita/|newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune|access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>

Sudberry Properties, the developer of Civita, incorporated numerous [[green building]] practices in the Civita design.<ref>{{cite news|last=Newman|first=Morris|title=Terraced Living in a San Diego Quarry|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/29/realestate/commercial/in-san-diego-terraced-living-in-an-old-quarry.html|newspaper=New York Times |date=February 28, 2012 |access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref> In 2009, Civita achieved a Stage 1 Gold rating for the U.S. [[Green Building Council|Green Building Council's]] 2009 LEED-ND (Neighborhood Development) pilot and received the California Governor's Environmental and Economic Leadership Award.<ref name = urbanland/><ref>{{cite web|last=McCandless|first=Catherine|title=No Longer Just A Hole In The Ground|url=https://www.mit.edu/people/spirn/Public/Ulises-11-308/Quarrying.pdf|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Civita was designated as a California Catalyst Community by the [[California Department of Housing and Community Development]] to support innovation and test sustainable strategies that reflect the interdependence of environmental, economic, and community health.<ref>{{cite web|title=Catalyst Projects for California Sustainable Communities|url=http://www.hcd.ca.gov/hpd/catayst_summaries082510.pdf|publisher=California Department of Housing and Community Development|access-date=16 April 2014|archive-date=9 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309060249/http://www.hcd.ca.gov/hpd/catayst_summaries082510.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Del Mar Station ====
Del Mar Station, which won a Congress for the New Urbanism Charter Award in 2003,<ref>[http://www.cnu.org/node/916#2003 "Charter Award Recipients"], Congress for the New Urbanism (accessed 8 April 2015).</ref> is a [[transit-oriented development]] surrounding a prominent [[Los Angeles Metro Rail|Metro Rail]] [[Del Mar station|stop]] on the [[L Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Gold Line]], which connects Los Angeles and Pasadena. Located at the southern edge of downtown Pasadena, it serves as a gateway to the city with 347 apartments, out of which 15% are affordable units. Approximately {{convert|20000|sqft}} of retail is linked with a network of public plazas, paseos, and private courtyards. The {{convert|3.4|acre|adj=on}}, US$77 million project sits above a 1,200-car multi-level subterranean parking garage, with 600 spaces dedicated to transit. A light rail right-of-way, detailed as a public street, bisects the site. It was designed by [[Moule & Polyzoides]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Del Mar Station Transit Village|url=http://www.mparchitects.com/site/projects/del-mar-station-transit-village|publisher=Moule & Polyzoides|access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cnu.org/resources/projects/del-mar-station-2007 Del Mar Station] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412172431/https://www.cnu.org/resources/projects/del-mar-station-2007 |date=2015-04-12 }}, Congress for the New Urbanism, September 14, 2007.</ref>

==== Norfolk, VA, East Beach ====
East Beach in Norfolk, VA, was designed and built in the style of traditional Atlantic coastal villages. The Master Plan for East Beach was developed in the style of “New Urbanism” by world renowned TND master planners Duany Plater-Zyberk. Newly constructed homes reflect traditional classic detail and proportion of Tidewater Virginia homes, and are built with materials that will withstand the test of time and forces of Mother Nature and the Chesapeake Bay.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastbeachnorfolk.com/index.php|title=East Beach Norfolk – Luxury Condos, Villas, Waterfront Homes – A Simple Life on the Chesapeake Bay|access-date=22 February 2017}}</ref>