Editing New Haven, Connecticut (section)

== Geography ==
[[File:Quinnipiac River from Fair Haven.jpg|thumb|left|View of the [[Quinnipiac River]] from [[Fair Haven (New Haven)|Fair Haven]]]]According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|52.1|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|48.4|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|3.7|km2|order=flip}}, or 6.67%, is water.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): New Haven city, Connecticut |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=September 26, 2012 |archive-date=December 27, 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

New Haven's best-known geographic features are its large, shallow harbor, and two reddish basalt [[trap rock]] ridges which rise to the northeast and northwest of the city core. These trap rocks are known respectively as [[East Rock]] and [[West Rock]], and both serve as extensive parks. West Rock has been tunneled through to make way for the east–west passage of the [[Wilbur Cross Parkway]] (the only highway tunnel through a natural obstacle in Connecticut), and once served as the hideout of the "[[Regicide of Charles I of England|Regicides]]" (see: [[Regicides Trail]]). Most New Haveners refer to these men as "The Three Judges". East Rock features the prominent Soldiers and Sailors war monument on its peak as well as the "Great/Giant Steps" which run up the rock's cliffside.

The city is drained by three rivers; the [[West River (Connecticut)|West]], [[Mill River (Connecticut)|Mill]], and [[Quinnipiac River|Quinnipiac]], named in order from west to east. The West River discharges into [[West Haven, Connecticut|West Haven]] Harbor, while the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge into New Haven Harbor. Both harbors are embayments of [[Long Island Sound]]. In addition, several smaller streams flow through the city's neighborhoods, including Wintergreen Brook, the Beaver Ponds Outlet, Wilmot Brook, Belden Brook, and Prospect Creek. Not all of these small streams have continuous flow year-round.

=== Climate ===
According to the [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen classification]], New Haven experiences a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa''), bordering a hot-summer [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfa''). The city has hot, humid summers and cool to cold winters. From May to late September, the weather is typically hot and humid, with average temperatures exceeding {{convert|80|°F}} on 70 days per year. In summer, the [[Bermuda High]] creates as southern flow of warm and humid air, with frequent (but brief) thundershowers. October to early December is normally mild to cool late in the season, while early spring (April) can be cool to warm. Winters are more variable, with cool to cold temperatures, mixed with warmer spells, with both rain and snow fall.

While the weather patterns that affect New Haven result from a primarily offshore direction, thus reducing the marine influence of Long Island Sound, the location on Long Island Sound often influences the weather along the coastline compared to inland. During summer heat waves, temperatures may reach {{convert|95|°F}} or higher on occasion with heat-index values of over {{convert|100|°F}}. [[Tropical cyclones]] have struck New Haven in the past, including 1938 Hurricane ([[Long Island Express]]), [[Hurricane Carol]] in 1954, [[Hurricane Gloria]] in 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hanrahan • • |first=Ryan |title=Hurricane Carol |url=https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/hurricane-carol/21493/ |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=NBC Connecticut |date=August 31, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109124713/https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/hurricane-carol/21493/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 26, 2015 |title=Hurricane Gloria hit Connecticut 30 years ago causing $60 million in damage |url=https://www.nhregister.com/weather/article/Hurricane-Gloria-hit-Connecticut-30-years-ago-11342161.php |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=New Haven Register |language=en-US |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109124527/https://www.nhregister.com/weather/article/Hurricane-Gloria-hit-Connecticut-30-years-ago-11342161.php |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[USDA hardiness zone|hardiness zone]] is 7a.
{{Weather box
| location = New Haven ([[Tweed New Haven Airport|HVN]]), Connecticut, elevation: {{cvt|4|m|disp=or}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present
| single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 69
| Feb record high F = 68
| Mar record high F = 77
| Apr record high F = 88
| May record high F = 95
| Jun record high F = 96
| Jul record high F = 101
| Aug record high F = 100
| Sep record high F = 93
| Oct record high F = 89
| Nov record high F = 80
| Dec record high F = 65
| year record high F = 
| Jan avg record high F = 56.4
| Feb avg record high F = 54.8
| Mar avg record high F = 64.4
| Apr avg record high F = 76.9
| May avg record high F = 82.7
| Jun avg record high F = 88.4
| Jul avg record high F = 91.1
| Aug avg record high F = 90.0
| Sep avg record high F = 86.1
| Oct avg record high F = 77.8
| Nov avg record high F = 68.3
| Dec avg record high F = 59.3
| year avg record high F = 92.1
| Jan high F = 38.1
| Feb high F = 40.2
| Mar high F = 47.0
| Apr high F = 57.8
| May high F = 67.7
| Jun high F = 76.4
| Jul high F = 82.1
| Aug high F = 81.0
| Sep high F = 74.7
| Oct high F = 63.8
| Nov high F = 53.4
| Dec high F = 43.7
| year high F = 60.5
| Jan mean F = 30.5
| Feb mean F = 32.0
| Mar mean F = 38.5
| Apr mean F = 48.5
| May mean F = 58.5
| Jun mean F = 67.9
| Jul mean F = 73.9
| Aug mean F = 72.9
| Sep mean F = 66.0
| Oct mean F = 54.7
| Nov mean F = 44.7
| Dec mean F = 36.3
| year mean F = 52.0
| Jan low F = 23.0
| Feb low F = 23.9
| Mar low F = 30.1
| Apr low F = 39.3
| May low F = 49.4
| Jun low F = 59.3
| Jul low F = 65.7
| Aug low F = 64.7
| Sep low F = 57.3
| Oct low F = 45.5
| Nov low F = 35.9
| Dec low F = 28.9
| year low F = 43.9
| Jan avg record low F = 4.8
| Feb avg record low F = 8.9
| Mar avg record low F = 15.8
| Apr avg record low F = 27.5
| May avg record low F = 37.7
| Jun avg record low F = 47.7
| Jul avg record low F = 56.9
| Aug avg record low F = 54.1
| Sep avg record low F = 45.0
| Oct avg record low F = 30.7
| Nov avg record low F = 21.8
| Dec avg record low F = 14.5
| year avg record low F = 6.2
| Jan record low F = -8
| Feb record low F = -6
| Mar record low F = 1
| Apr record low F = 17
| May record low F = 30
| Jun record low F = 40
| Jul record low F = 50
| Aug record low F = 43
| Sep record low F = 34
| Oct record low F = 23
| Nov record low F = 13
| Dec record low F = -3
| year record low F = -8
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 2.72
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.84
| Mar precipitation inch = 3.66
| Apr precipitation inch = 4.19
| May precipitation inch = 3.54
| Jun precipitation inch = 3.47
| Jul precipitation inch = 3.36
| Aug precipitation inch = 3.55
| Sep precipitation inch = 4.03
| Oct precipitation inch = 3.78
| Nov precipitation inch = 3.12
| Dec precipitation inch = 3.53
| year precipitation inch = 41.79
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 9.5
| Feb precipitation days = 8.5
| Mar precipitation days = 9.6
| Apr precipitation days = 10.9
| May precipitation days = 12.9
| Jun precipitation days = 11.8
| Jul precipitation days = 10.4
| Aug precipitation days = 9.9
| Sep precipitation days = 9.3
| Oct precipitation days = 11.1
| Nov precipitation days = 9.4
| Dec precipitation days = 11.0
| year precipitation days = 124.3
| Jan snow inch = 9.0
| Feb snow inch = 9.8
| Mar snow inch = 7.2
| Apr snow inch = 1.0
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.1
| Nov snow inch = 1.1
| Dec snow inch = 7.2
| year snow inch = 
| unit snow days = 0.1 in
| Jan snow days = 5.9
| Feb snow days = 5.9
| Mar snow days = 4.5
| Apr snow days = 0.7
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.1
| Nov snow days = 0.7
| Dec snow days = 4.4
| Jan humidity = 62.8
| Feb humidity = 60.3
| Mar humidity = 64.4
| Apr humidity = 65.1
| May humidity = 69.7
| Jun humidity = 73.8
| Jul humidity = 74.2
| Aug humidity = 73.8
| Sep humidity = 74.1
| Oct humidity = 70.4
| Nov humidity = 68.2
| Dec humidity = 63.6
| Jan uv = 2
| Feb uv = 2
| Mar uv = 4
| Apr uv = 6
| May uv = 7
| Jun uv = 8
| Jul uv = 8
| Aug uv = 8
| Sep uv = 6
| Oct uv = 4
| Nov uv = 2
| Dec uv = 1
| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (snow/snow days 1948&ndash;1974)<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx |title=NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-date=May 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527215410/http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=okx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014758&format=pdf |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station: New Haven Tweed AP, CT |work=U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020) |access-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213951/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014758&format=pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| source 2 = Weatherbase (humidity),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=372560&units= |title=New Haven – Airport, Connecticut Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase) |website=Weatherbase.com |access-date=July 3, 2019 |archive-date=February 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224184423/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=372560&units= |url-status=live }}</ref> Weather Atlas (UV index)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/connecticut-usa/new-haven-climate |title=New Haven, CT – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast |publisher=Yu Media Group |website=Weather-atlas.com |language=en |access-date=July 3, 2019 |archive-date=July 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703223241/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/connecticut-usa/new-haven-climate |url-status=live }}</ref>
| source = 
}}

=== Streetscape ===
[[File:Yale University 08.jpg|thumb|right|The city from the south with [[The Hill, New Haven|The Hill]] in the foreground. [[East Rock, New Haven|East Rock]] is visible in the background.]]
[[File:Large American Elm Tree, New Haven, CT - June 10, 2017.jpg|thumb|[[Ulmus americana|American Elm]] in New Haven]]

New Haven has a long tradition of [[urban planning]] and a purposeful design for the city's layout.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newhaven1879.blogspot.com/ |title=New Haven 1879-An Architectural Guide |website=Newhaven1879.blogspot.com |access-date=April 7, 2021 |archive-date=January 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084249/https://newhaven1879.blogspot.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The city could be argued to have some of the first preconceived layouts in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.colonialwarsct.org/1638_new_haven_plan.htm |title=The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut |publisher=Colonialwarsct.org |access-date=September 28, 2011 |archive-date=January 6, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106135222/http://www.colonialwarsct.org/1638_new_haven_plan.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/PlanningPrograms/ComprehensivePlan/SectionIIntroduction.pdf |title=New Haven's Comprehensive Plan |access-date=September 28, 2011 |archive-date=September 26, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926235355/http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/PlanningPrograms/ComprehensivePlan/SectionIIntroduction.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Upon founding, New Haven was laid out in a [[grid plan]] of nine square blocks; the central square was left open, in the tradition of many New England towns, as the [[village green|city green]] (a commons area). The city also instituted the first public tree planting program in America. As in other cities, many of the [[elm]]s that gave New Haven the nickname "Elm City" perished in the mid-20th century due to [[Dutch elm disease]], although many have since been replanted. The [[New Haven Green]] is currently home to three separate historic churches which speak to the original theocratic nature of the city.<ref name="nhtowngreen" /> The Green remains the social center of the city today. It was named a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1970.

[[Downtown New Haven]], occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns.<ref name="downtown">[http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/PlanningPrograms/ComprehensivePlan/SectionVIDowntown.pdf CityOfNewHaven.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301230330/https://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/PlanningPrograms/ComprehensivePlan/SectionVIDowntown.pdf |date=March 1, 2016 }} Comprehensive Report: New Haven pg3</ref> The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base<ref name="downtown" /> and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.<ref name="new_development">{{cite web |url=http://www.conntact.com/article_page.lasso?id=40054 |title=Archived copy |access-date=December 11, 2009 |archive-date=August 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804104839/http://www.conntact.com/article_page.lasso?id=40054 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Neighborhoods ===
[[File:Front Street in New Haven CT.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Quinnipiac River Historic District]], located in the [[Fair Haven (New Haven)|Fair Haven]] neighborhood, is one of dozens of listed historic districts in New Haven.]]

{{main|Neighborhoods of New Haven, Connecticut}}
The city has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the [[New Haven Green|Green]], are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of [[Dixwell (New Haven)|Dixwell]] and [[Dwight Street Historic District|Dwight]]; the southern neighborhoods of [[The Hill (New Haven)|The Hill]], historic water-front [[City Point (New Haven)|City Point]] (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of [[Long Wharf (New Haven)|Long Wharf]]; the western neighborhoods of [[Beaver Hills, New Haven|Beaver Hills]], [[Edgewood Park Historic District|Edgewood]], [[West River (neighborhood)|West River]], [[Westville (New Haven)|Westville]], [[Amity (New Haven)|Amity]], and [[West Rock (neighborhood)|West Rock-Westhills]]; [[East Rock (neighborhood)|East Rock]], [[Cedar Hill (New Haven)|Cedar Hill]], [[Prospect Hill (New Haven)|Prospect Hill]], and [[Newhallville]] in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of [[Mill River (neighborhood)|Mill River]] and [[Wooster Square]], an Italian-American neighborhood; [[Fair Haven (New Haven)|Fair Haven]], an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; [[Quinnipiac Meadows]] and [[Fair Haven Heights]] across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, [[The Annex (New Haven)|The Annex]] and [[East Shore (New Haven)|East Shore]] (or Morris Cove).<ref>''Harrison's illustrated guide to greater New Haven'', (H2 Company, New Haven, 1995).</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/Maps/NeighborhoodPlanningMaps/ |title=/CityPlan/pdfs/Maps/NeighborhoodPlanningMaps/ |website=Cityofnewhaven.com |access-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-date=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612083643/http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/pdfs/Maps/NeighborhoodPlanningMaps/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/index.asp |title=Welcome to the New Haven City Plan Department |website=Cityofnewhaven.com |access-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-date=July 5, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705045245/http://www.cityofnewhaven.com/CityPlan/index.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://maps.google.com/?q=http://www.southernct.edu/departments/usc/offcampushousing/New_Haven_Neighborhoods.kml |title=Google Maps |website=Maps.google.com |access-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111091532/http://maps.google.com/?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernct.edu%2Fdepartments%2Fusc%2Foffcampushousing%2FNew_Haven_Neighborhoods.kml |url-status=live }}</ref>