Editing Nephrology (section)

====United States====
Nephrology training can be accomplished through one of two routes.  The first path way is through an internal medicine pathway leading to an Internal Medicine/Nephrology specialty, and sometimes known as "adult nephrology".  The second pathway is through [[Pediatrics]] leading to a speciality in Pediatric Nephrology.  In the [[United States]], after [[medical school]] adult nephrologists complete a three-year [[residency (medicine)|residency]] in internal medicine followed by a two-year (or longer) [[fellowship (medicine)|fellowship]] in nephrology.  Complementary to an adult nephrologist, a pediatric nephrologist will complete a three-year pediatric residency after medical school or a four-year Combined Internal Medicine and Pediatrics residency.  This is followed by a three-year fellowship in Pediatric Nephrology.  Once training is satisfactorily completed, the physician is eligible to take the [[American Board of Internal Medicine]] (ABIM) or [[American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine]] (AOBIM) nephrology examination. Nephrologists must be approved by one of these boards. To be approved, the physician must fulfill the requirements for education and training in nephrology in order to qualify to take the board's examination. If a physician passes the examination, then he or she can become a nephrology specialist. Typically, nephrologists also need two to three years of training in an [[ACGME]] or [[American Osteopathic Association|AOA]] accredited fellowship in nephrology. Nearly all programs train nephrologists in [[Hemofiltration|continuous renal replacement therapy]]; fewer than half in the United States train in the provision of [[plasmapheresis]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Berns JS|author2=O'Neill WC|title=Performance of procedures by nephrologists and nephrology fellows at U.S. nephrology training programs|journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol|volume=3|issue=4|pages=941–7|date=2008|pmid=18417748|doi=10.2215/CJN.00490108|pmc=2440278}}</ref> Only pediatric trained physicians are able to train in pediatric nephrology, and internal medicine (adult) trained physicians may enter general (adult) nephrology fellowships.