Editing Nenets (section)

=== The impact on the Nenets people ===
[[File:Archangel reindeer3.jpg|thumb|256x256px|Herders with their reindeer]]
The impact of large energy corporations in the Yamal peninsula can be felt in numerous ways. The largest of these can be seen in the effects on migration routes. With the Nenets people being nomadic and reliant on reindeer husbandry, the migratory routes for the reindeer are very important to them. These migratory routes are very specific and a lot of consideration goes into planning them. Additionally, the herders believe that it is necessary for the reindeer to migrate in order for them to maintain their good health.<ref name=":1" /> The herders claim that this is because the vegetation found on the coast are good for reindeer as they are richer in salt and minerals.<ref name=":1" /> Also, by reaching the coast with the migrations, the reindeer are able to find relief from insects such as mosquito and botfly by avoiding infestation periods.<ref name=":1" /> These migratory routes that the herders and reindeer use are made of rugged terrain as they provide a good space to herd the reindeer. However, the companies that enter the Yamal peninsula also prefer this rugged terrain to build their infrastructure upon, causing a direct overlap in land of interest.<ref name=":1" /> For example, in the Bovanenko core area, a research study was conducted that found that industrial development targeted "rugged, elevated drier land" which is the type of land used by the reindeer herders.<ref name=":1" />  Thus, as the Nenets people rely on reindeer that, in turn, rely on the migratory routes, the expansion of industrial development has had a large impact on the Nenets people.

Although not directly related to migration routes, another impact is the effect on Nenets peoples' sacred spots. The Nenets people have a tradition of designating a sacred spot where they make a request of the spirits for a successful migration. Nenets sacred spots are made into a major sand/quarry pit and marked by wooden pegs.<ref name=":1" /> In one case, a sacred spot of the Nenets people was fenced in during the industrial development, dissolving it of its traditional significance.<ref name=":0" /> Many of the workers believed that their construction did not actually intrude on the sacred spot, however many of the herders believed that the spot had been "desecrated".<ref name=":1" /> This difference in perceptions highlights how many non-indigenous people are only able to view land as something to be owned. Meanwhile, for indigenous people, such a viewpoint is non-existent. Herders have a spiritual relationship with the land and do not view it as simply owned vs not-owned.<ref name=":1" />

Another smaller effect of the industrial development has been its impact on fish. Due to the industrial development, there has been a degradation of freshwater sources which has led to a decrease in the population.<ref name=":0" /> Additionally, the industrial development has spilled over to occupy much of the fishing grounds necessary for the Nenets people. As the Nenets people depend on the fish as their source of food in the summer, the depletion of fish has directly impacted the Nenets people.

Lastly, an impact that is loosely related with the migration routes is accessibility to health care clinics by the Nenets people. Since the arrival of large oil and gas companies in the 1990s, climate in the region has been impacted. In fact, since 1991 temperature anomalies in the Kanin have increased an estimated 1.4 degrees Celsius per decade.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Amstislavski|first1=Philippe |last2=Zubov|first2=Leonid |last3=Chen|first3=Herman |last4=Ceccato|first4=Pietro |last5=Pekel|first5=Jean-Francois |last6=Weedon|first6=Jeremy |date=2013-01-31 |title=Effects of increase in temperature and open water on transmigration and access to health care by the Nenets reindeer herders in northern Russia |url= |journal=International Journal of Circumpolar Health |language=en |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=21183 |doi=10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21183 |issn=2242-3982 |pmc=3749856 |pmid=23971018}}</ref> Within this same period, researchers found a trend of delayed herder arrivals to their local health clinic.<ref name=":4" /> Researchers cite the lengthening of the migrations as the reason for the delay. As the herders need open water to freeze to make crossings of reindeer and herders possible, there is a specific window in which herders can visit their local health clinics. Since 1991, the arrival of herders at one health clinic can be observed shifting from October to December, marking an evident postponement in arrival.<ref name=":4" />