Editing Narses (section)

==Battle of Taginae==
On his way to seek Totila's main army, Narses encountered a small Gothic garrison at the town of Rimini. John, who had previously been in command at Rimini when it was besieged by Gothic forces, again gave advice to Narses on how to proceed. The exact route taken was not precisely indicated by Procopius and has led to confusion on the reconstruction of the coming battles. Procopius referred to the next battle as "Busta Gallorum",<ref>Procopius. History. xxix. 5 Vol. V 353.</ref> but many historians now refer to it as the [[Battle of Taginae]].

Narses sent word to Totila and gave him a chance to either surrender, or give the day in which the battle would take place. Procopius quoted Totila's response, "At the end of eight days let us match our strength."<ref>Procopius. History. xxix. 8 Vol. V 355.</ref> Narses was not fooled by this and preferred the tactical defensive upon meeting Totila, as his army would have been larger than that of Totila. The following battle would be Narses' ultimate victory, and would set the estimation of his military talents as not inferior to those of Belisarius.

===Tactics===
Narses' great success at the Battle of Taginae was to come from the disposition of his forces before the battle began. Narses arrayed his troops in a "crescent shaped"<ref name=Rance>Rance, Philip. "Narses and the Battle of Taginae (Busta Gallorum)". ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'' Vol. 54, No. 4  (2005),  424. {{JSTOR|4436789}}</ref> formation with mostly infantry in the middle, flanked by archers. The infantry were in fact dismounted barbarian cavalry, since many of the Goths thought that typical infantry was frail and would flee in the face of a charge. Some historians feel there may have been a political motivation by placing the Heruli and Lombards in the centre dismounted, Narses possibly suspecting them of having sympathy or admiration for Totila.<ref>Gibbon, Edward. ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''. Ch. XLIII. 266.</ref>

On the sides of the crescent, foot-archers were placed, and this enabled them to destroy the Gothic cavalry through enfilading fire. (This disposition of the archers and their effect upon the battle is strikingly parallel to the later [[Battle of Agincourt]].)<ref name=Rance />  Next, Narses placed much of his cavalry on the immediate sides of the dismounted infantry. Normally the cavalry would have been behind the centre, but they were not meant to aid any of the struggling line. Instead they were used to deliver a surprise attack on the Goths when they became fully enveloped. Narses knew that Totila would take the advantage of attacking the "weak" centre, and therefore allowed Narses to completely destroy the Ostrogothic army. Procopius said that Totila had been "out-generalled by his own folly",<ref>Procopius. ''History''. xxxii. 7 Vol. V 377.</ref> because Totila had instructed his troops to only engage with spears, as he thought a quick strike would win the battle.

Totila sent wave after wave of troops, who became so disorganized by the raining arrow storm that by the time they met the dismounted infantrymen they were completely broken. The Gothic infantry never even engaged in actual combat as they hesitated to advance far enough to actually become effective. They were kept in the rear of the advance, fearing that Narses' horsemen would outflank them from the hill. Finally, Totila's cavalry was pressed backwards onto their own line of infantry, Narses then charged with his own cavalry, which had been held in reserve.<ref>Liddell. ''Strategy''. 71.</ref> The retreat quickly turned into a rout, as the Gothic cavalry rushed right over the infantry, who joined them in the withdrawal.<ref>Bury. ''History of the Later Roman Empire. From the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian. Vol. II'' (London: Macmillan Press, 1958) 267.</ref>

Totila himself was killed at this battle and Procopius gave two versions as to the fate of the Ostrogothic king. The first has Totila initially surviving the battle and fleeing the field of battle with only five of his followers. Asbad, leader of the Gepids, overtook him and drove his spear into Totila. The body was immediately taken to the village of Caprae where it was hurriedly buried.<ref>Procopius. ''History''. xxxii. 22–28 Vol. V 383–385.</ref> In the second version, Totila was mortally wounded in the first wave, struck by a bowman who did not even recognize his target.<ref>Procopius. ''History''. xxxii. 33–35 Vol. V 387–389.</ref> The first is more widely accepted by historians, as later a Gothic woman revealed where Totila was buried and the body was exhumed and positively identified.