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===1968 reorganization=== [[United States Department of Defense]] realignments for the NORAD command organization began on 15 November 1968 (e.g., [[Army Air Defense Command]] (ARADCOM)).<ref>{{cite report |title=Upper Reservation of Fort Mac Arthur Historic District |url=http://www.ftmac.org/downloads/SHPOrevision/FtMacArthurFinalCommission.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.ftmac.org/downloads/SHPOrevision/FtMacArthurFinalCommission.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|quote=On November 15, 1968, as part of the internal reorganization of the Army Air Defense Command (ARADCOM), the 47th Artillery Brigade was transferred east. the Army Air Defense command at Fort MacArthur became the 19th Artillery Group (Air Defense). This change was made to align ARADCOM units in accordance with a reorganization of the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD).}}<!--pdf 29--><!--br>{{Cite journal |last=Moeller |first=Colonel Stephen P |date=May–June 1995 |title=Vigilant and Invincible |url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/airdef/vigilant.htm |journal=ADA Magazine }} [covers the [[U.S. Army Air Defense Command]] (ARADCOM) 1950s–1974]}}<br />Rings of Supersonic Steel: Air Defenses of the United States Army 1950–1979--></ref> By 1972, there were eight NORAD "regional areas ... for all air defense".<ref name=Digest>{{cite book |date=1972 |at=North American Air Defense Command |chapter=Chapter 1: Air Defense Doctrine and Procedures |chapter-url=http://ed-thelen.org/72digest1.html#1a|title=U.S. Army Air Defense Digest, 1972 |location=Hillman Hall, [[Fort Bliss]], Texas |publisher=<!--U.S. Army Air Defense School--> |access-date=19 September 2012 |quote=Currently, the North American Continent is divided into eight regional areas (fig 2) of air defense responsibility· Each region commander is responsible to CINCNORAD for all air defense activity within his designated area. … The average number of unknowns in the system has steadily declined over the years until now the number is approximately 40 per month.}}</ref> The NORAD Cheyenne Mountain Complex Improvements Program (427M System){{r|DelPapa}} became operational in 1979.{{r|CMU}}
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