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===Phylogeny=== Multigene phylogenies constructed by Koepfli et al. (2008)<ref name="Koepfli2008" /> and Law et al. (2018)<ref name="Law-2018" /> found that Mustelidae comprises eight living subfamilies. The early mustelids appear to have undergone two rapid bursts of diversification in Eurasia, with the resulting species spreading to other continents only later.<ref name="Koepfli2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Koepfli | first1 = Klaus-Peter |title = Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation | journal = BMC Biology | volume = 6 | page = 10 | date = February 2008 | doi = 10.1186/1741-7007-6-10 | pmid = 18275614 | last2 = Deere | first2 = K.A. | last3 = Slater | first3 = G.J. | last4 = Begg | first4 = C. | last5 = Begg | first5 = K. | last6 = Grassman | first6 = L. | last7 = Lucherini | first7 = M. | last8 = Veron | first8 = G. | last9 = Wayne | first9 = R.K. | pmc = 2276185 | doi-access = free }}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="500"> File:MustelidaePhylogeneticTree (edited).jpg|Phylogenetic tree of Mustelidae. Contains 53 of the 79 putative mustelid species.<ref name="Law-2018" /> File:Mustelidae timetree (edited).jpg|Time-calibrated tree of Mustelidae showing divergence times between lineages. Split times include: 28.8 million years ([[megaannum|Ma]]) for mustelids vs. procyonids; 17.8 Ma for Taxidiinae; 15.5 Ma for Mellivorinae; 14.8 Ma for Melinae; 14.0 Ma for Guloninae + Helictidinae; 11.5 Ma for Guloninae + Naquinae vs. Helictidinae; 12.0 Ma for Ictonychinae; 11.6 Ma for Lutrinae vs. Mustelinae.<ref name="Law-2018" /> </gallery> Mustelid species diversity is often attributed to an adaptive radiation coinciding with the [[Middle Miocene disruption|mid-Miocene climate transition]]. Contrary to expectations, Law et al. (2018)<ref name="Law-2018" /> found no evidence for rapid bursts of lineage diversification at the origin of the Mustelidae, and further analyses of lineage diversification rates using molecular and fossil-based methods did not find associations between rates of lineage diversification and mid-Miocene climate transition as previously hypothesized.
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