Editing Musique concrète (section)

===Groupe de Recherche de Musique Concrète===
By 1951 the work of Schaeffer, composer-[[percussionist]] Pierre Henry, and sound engineer Jacques Poullin had received official recognition and the Groupe de Recherches de Musique Concrète, Club d 'Essai de la [[Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française]] was established at RTF in Paris, the ancestor of the [[ORTF]].<ref>{{harvp|Lange|2009|p=173}}</ref> At RTF the GRMC established the first purpose-built [[electroacoustic music]] studio. It quickly attracted many who either were or were later to become notable composers, including [[Olivier Messiaen]], [[Pierre Boulez]], [[Jean Barraqué]], [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]], [[Edgard Varèse]], [[Iannis Xenakis]], [[Michel Philippot]], and [[Arthur Honegger]]. Compositional "output from 1951 to 1953 comprised ''Étude I'' (1951) and ''Étude II'' (1951) by Boulez, ''Timbres-durées'' (1952) by Messiaen, ''[[Konkrete Etüde|Étude aux mille collants]]'' (1952) by Stockhausen, ''Le microphone bien tempéré'' (1952) and ''La voile d'Orphée'' (1953) by Henry, ''Étude I'' (1953) by Philippot, ''Étude'' (1953) by Barraqué, the mixed pieces ''Toute la lyre'' (1951) and ''Orphée 53'' (1953) by Schaeffer/Henry, and the film music ''Masquerage'' (1952) by Schaeffer and ''Astrologie'' (1953) by Henry. In 1954 Varèse and Honegger visited to work on the tape parts of ''[[Déserts]]'' and ''La rivière endormie''".<ref name="Palombini-1999">{{harvp|Palombini|1999}}</ref>

In the early and mid 1950s Schaeffer's commitments to RTF included official missions that often required extended absences from the studios. This led him to invest Philippe Arthuys with responsibility for the GRMC in his absence, with Pierre Henry operating as Director of Works. Pierre Henry's composing talent developed greatly during this period at the GRMC and he worked with [[experimental film]]makers such as Max de Haas, [[Jean Grémillon]], Enrico Fulchignoni, and [[Jean Rouch]] and with [[choreography|choreographers]] including Dick Sanders and Maurice Béjart.<ref name="Gayou-2007a-p206">{{harvp|Gayou|2007a|p=206}}</ref> Schaeffer returned to run the group at the end of 1957, and immediately stated his disapproval of the direction the GRMC had taken. A proposal was then made to "renew completely the spirit, the methods and the personnel of the Group, with a view to undertake research and to offer a much needed welcome to young composers".<ref name="Gayou-2007a-p207">{{harvp|Gayou|2007a|p=207}}</ref>