Editing Musical instrument classification (section)

====Steve Mann====
In 2007, [[Steve Mann (inventor)|Steve Mann]] presented a five-class, physics-based organology elaborating on the classification proposed by Schaeffner.<ref name="Mann2007">{{cite conference|conference=New Interfaces for Musical Expression|title=Natural Interfaces for Musical Expression, Proceedings of the Conference on Interfaces for Musical Expression|pages=118–23|last=Mann|first=Steve|date=2007}}</ref> This system is composed of gaiaphones (chordophones, membranophones, and idiophones), [[hydraulophone]]s, [[aerophone]]s, plasmaphones, and quintephones (electrically and optically produced music), the names referring to the five essences, earth, water, wind, fire and the [[Quintessence (physics)|quintessence]], thus adding three new categories to the Schaeffner taxonomy.

<!--[[Elementary organology]], [[Aerophone (elementary organology)]], [[Gaiaphone]], [[Hydraulophone (elementary organology)]], [[Plasmaphone]], and [[Quintephone]] redirect directly here.-->
Elementary organology, also known as physical organology, is a classification scheme based on the elements (i.e. states of matter) in which sound production takes place.<ref>Computer Music Journal
Fall 2008, Vol. 32, No. 3, Pages 25–41
Posted Online August 15, 2008. {{doi|10.1162/comj.2008.32.3.25}}</ref><ref>The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (2 ed.), Oxford University Press, Print {{ISBN|9780199743391}}, 2016, Edited by Laurence Libin.</ref> "Elementary" refers both to "element" (state of matter) and to something that is fundamental or innate (physical).<ref name="physiphones"/><ref>Computer Music Journal
Fall 2008, Vol. 32, No. 3, Pages 25–41</ref> The elementary organology map can be traced to Kartomi, Schaeffner, Yamaguchi, and others,<ref name="physiphones">Physiphones, NIME 2007, New York, pp118-123</ref> as well as to the Greek and Roman concepts of elementary classification of all objects, not just musical instruments.<ref name="physiphones"/>

Elementary organology categorizes musical instruments by their [[classical element]]:
{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
!style="width:1.5em;"|&nbsp;|| Element || State   || Category           ||
|-
| 1 || Earth   || solids  || gaiaphones         || the first category proposed by Andre Schaeffner<ref name="classifications176">Kartomi, page 176, "On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments", by Margaret J. Kartomi, University of Chicago Press, Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology (CSE), 1990</ref>
|-
| 2 || Water   || liquids || hydraulophones ||
|-
| 3 || Air     || gases   || aerophones     || the second category proposed by Andre Schaeffner<ref name="classifications176"/>
|-
| 4 || Fire    || plasmas || plasmaphones   ||
|-
| 5 ||Quintessence/Idea || informatics || quintephones ||
|}

<!--the following image is displayed wider than 400px for detail-->
[[File:Musical instrument classification by physics-based organology.png|thumb|center|654px|Musical instrument classification in physics-based organology.]]