Editing Muses (section)

==Emblems==
[[File:Anonimo Ferrarese by Francesco del Cossa.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Polyhymnia]], the Muse of sacred [[poetry]], sacred [[hymn]] and [[eloquence]] as well as agriculture and [[pantomime]].]]

The following table lists the Classical names and attributes of the standard list of the nine Muses,<ref>As given by Grimal, s.v. Muses,</ref> as well as their various associated symbols:

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em;"
|-
! Muse
! Attribute
! Symbols
|-
| [[Calliope]]
| [[Epic poetry]]
| [[Wax tablet|Writing tablet]], [[Stylus]], [[Lyre]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Miate |first1=Liana |title=Calliope |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Calliope/ |website=World History Encyclopedia |access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref><ref>[[File:The Muse Calliope by Eustache Le Sueur.jpg|thumb|The Muse Calliope by Eustache Le Sueur]]</ref>
|-
| [[Clio]]
| History
| [[Scroll]]s, [[Book]]s, [[Cornett]], [[Laurel wreath]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Car of History Clock |url=https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/car-history-clock |website=Architect of the Capitol |access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Clio |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Clio-Greek-mythology |website=Encyclopedia Brittanica |access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Polyhymnia]]
| [[mime#Ancient Greece and Rome|Mime]]
| [[Veil]], [[Grapes]] (referring to her as an agricultural goddess)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gill |first1=N.S. |title=Who Were the 9 Greek Muses? |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/the-greek-muses-119788 |website=ThoughtCo |access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref><ref>[[File:La musa Polimnia probably by Francesco del Cossa.jpg|thumb|Polyhymnia, the Muse of sacred poetry, sacred hymn and eloquence as well as agriculture and pantomime]]</ref>
|-
| [[Euterpe]]
| Flute
| [[Aulos]] (an [[ancient Greek]] [[musical instrument]] like a flute), [[panpipes]], [[laurel wreath]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Euterpe (music, lyric poetry) (from the Tarocchi series D: Apollo and the Muses, #18)|url=https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1924.432.18|author=Master of the E-Series Tarocchi|publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=van Hoogstraten |first1=Samuel |title=Euterpe de Reedewikster |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1856-0614-222 |website=The British Museum |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Terpsichore]]
| Light verse and dance
| [[Lyre]], [[Plectrum]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Atsma |first1=Aaron |title=Terpsichore |url=https://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/MousaTerpsikhore.html|website=Theoi|publisher=Theoi Project |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nattier |first1=Jean-Marc |title=Terpsichore, Muse of Music and Dance |url=https://www.famsf.org/artworks/terpsichore-muse-of-music-and-dance |website=Fine Art Museums of San Francisco |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[Erato]]
|[[Greek lyric|Lyric choral poetry]]
|[[Cithara]] (an [[ancient Greek]] [[musical instrument]] in the [[lyre]] family)<ref>[[File:Erato monte calvo.jpg|thumb|Erato monte calvo]]</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wedgwood |first1=Josiah |title=Erato |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/43804/erato |website=Royal Collection Trust |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Melpomene]]
| [[Greek tragedy|Tragedy]]
| [[Theatre of ancient Greece#Masks|Tragic mask]], [[Sword]] (or any kind of [[blade]]), [[Club (weapon)|Club]], [[buskins|Kothornos]] (boots)<ref>{{cite web |last1=de Bry |first1=Johann Theodor |title=Melpomene, Muse of Tragedy |url=https://www.artic.edu/artworks/157142/melpomene-muse-of-tragedy-plate-8-from-parnassus-biceps |website=Art Institute of Chicago |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Atsma |first1=Aaron |title=Melpomene |url=https://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/MousaMelpomene.html |website=Theoi |publisher=Theoi Project |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Thalia (Muse)|Thalia]]
| [[Ancient Greek comedy|Comedy]]
| [[Theatre of ancient Greece#Masks|Comic mask]], [[Ivy]] wreath, [[Shepherd's crook]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Thaia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Thalia-Greek-mythology |website=Encyclopedia Brittanica |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nattier |first1=Jean-Mark |title=Thalia, Muse of Comedy |url=https://www.famsf.org/artworks/thalia-muse-of-comedy |website=Fine Art Museums of San Francisco |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Urania]]
| [[Ancient Greek astronomy|Astronomy]] ([[Christian poetry]] in later times)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dolloff |first1=Matthew |title=Mediating the muse : Milton and the metamorphoses of Urania |journal=The University of Texas Libraries |date=August 2006 |pages=14 |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/4538a78e-3f82-4b4a-a192-3abaa8ebe0e5/content |access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref>
| [[Globe]] and [[Compass (drafting)|compass]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goltzius |first1=Hendrik |title=Urania, The Muse of Astronomy |url=https://www.artic.edu/artworks/267830/urania-the-muse-of-astronomy-from-the-nine-muses |website=Art Institute of Chicago |date=1592 |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Atsma |first1=Aaron |title=Urania |url=https://www.theoi.com/Ouranios/MousaOurania.html |website=Theoi |publisher=Theoi Project |access-date=7 November 2024}}</ref>
|}

Some Greek writers give the names of the nine Muses as [[Kallichore (mythology)|Kallichore]], [[Helike (mythology)|Helike]], Eunike, [[Thelxinoë]], Terpsichore, Euterpe, Eukelade, [[Dia (mythology)|Dia]], and Enope.<ref>[[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes]], ''Scholia in Hesiodi Opera'' 1,23</ref>

In [[Renaissance]] and [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] art, the dissemination of [[emblem book]]s such as [[Cesare Ripa]]'s ''Iconologia'' (1593 and many further editions) helped standardize the depiction of the Muses in sculpture and painting, so they could be distinguished by certain props. These props, or [[emblem]]s, became readily identifiable by the viewer, enabling one immediately to recognize the Muse and the art with which she had become associated. Here again, Calliope (epic poetry) carries a writing tablet; Clio (history) carries a scroll and books; Euterpe (song and elegiac poetry) carries a double-pipe, the ''[[aulos]]''; Erato (lyric poetry) is often seen with a lyre and a crown of roses; Melpomene (tragedy) is often seen with a tragic mask; Polyhymnia (sacred poetry) is often seen with a pensive expression; Terpsichore (choral dance and song) is often seen dancing and carrying a lyre; Thalia (comedy) is often seen with a comic mask; and Urania (astronomy) carries a pair of compasses and the celestial globe.