Editing Mu'tazilism (section)

===Post-Mihna===
Under Caliph [[al-Mutawakkil]] (847–861), "who sought to reestablish the traditional Muslim's faith" (he intentionally wanted to restore his legitimacy due to the backlash towards Ahmad ibn Hanbal's persecution under previous Caliphs), Mu'tazilite doctrine was repudiated and Mu'tazilite professors were persecuted in the Abbasid Caliphate; [[Shia Muslims]], [[Christianity|Christians]] and [[Judaism|Jews]] were also persecuted.<ref>William Thomson, "The Moslem World", in William L. Langer (1948), ed., ''An Encyclopedia of World History'', rev. edition, Boston:  Houghton Mifflin, p. 189.</ref> 

The [[Aghlabids]], an [[Arab]] dynasty centered in [[Ifriqiya]] from 800 to 909, also adhered to Mu'tazilism, which they imposed as the state doctrine of Ifriqiya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abun-Nasr |first=Jamil M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jdlKbZ46YYkC&pg=PP1 |title=A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period |date=1987-08-20 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-33767-0 |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, the leading elite figures of the [[Graeco-Arabic translation movement]] during the reign of [[al-Hakam II]] were followers of the Mu'tazila.<ref name="SamsóFierro2019"/> Mu'tazilism also flourished to some extent during the rule of the [[Buyids]] in Iraq and [[Persia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://albert.ias.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.12111/66/Schmidtke_2017_IAS%20fall%20newsletter%20Monotheism.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-10-29 |archive-date=2021-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830121626/https://albert.ias.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.12111/66/Schmidtke_2017_IAS%20fall%20newsletter%20Monotheism.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=live }}</ref>

Severe persecution against the Mu'tazilites occurred during the reign of [[al-Qadir]] (991–1031), who issued a decree to kill anyone who openly adhered to the Mu'tazilism.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Busse |first=Heribert |title=Chalif und Grosskönig: die Buyiden im Irak (945-1055) |date=2004 |publisher=Ergon Verlag Würzburg in Kommission |place=Würzburg |isbn=9783899130058}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The encyclopaedia of Islam. 4: Iran - Kha / ed. by E. van Donzel |date=1997 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-05745-6 |editor-last=Donzel |editor-first=Emeri J. van |edition=3. impr |location=Leiden}}</ref> This trend of persecution continued and became stronger with the emergence of the [[Seljuk Turk]] rulers who made Sunni Islam the official state religion, and their support for [[Nizamiyah College|Sunni madrasa]] and scholars further excluded Mu'tazilite influence.<ref>{{Citation |last=Arnaldez |first=Roger |title=Le Mutazilisme, théologie de la liberté |date=2005 |work= |pages=35 |url= |access-date= |publisher= |isbn=}}</ref> At that time the Mu'tazilism were banned, their books were burned, and their teachings began to be unknown except through the texts of Sunni theologians who attacked them.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tritton |first=A. S. |date= |title=Introduction à la Théologie Musulmane; essai de théologie comparée. By Louis Gardet and M.-M. Anawati. (Etudes de Philosophie Médiévale, XXXVII.) pp. 543. Paris, 1948. |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00103521 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=82 |issue=1-2 |pages=83–85 |doi=10.1017/s0035869x00103521 |issn=1356-1863}}</ref> Until at the end of the [[Islamic Golden Age]] due to the [[Mongol invasions and conquests|Mongol Invasion]], the Mu'tazilite influence disappeared for a long time from [[Muslim world|Islamic society]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crone |first=Patricia |title=Medieval Islamic Political Thought |date=2022 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-4650-0 |series=The New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys NEIS |location=Edinburgh}}</ref>