Editing Moth (section)

=== Predators and parasites ===

[[File:Tomato Hornworm Parasitized by Braconid Wasp.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Tobacco hornworm parasitized by [[Braconidae|braconid wasp]]s]]

Nocturnal insectivores often feed on moths; these include some [[bat]]s, some species of [[owl]]s and other species of [[bird]]s. Moths also are eaten by some species of [[lizard]]s, [[amphibian]]s, [[cat]]s, [[dog]]s, [[rodent]]s, and some [[bear]]s. Moth larvae are vulnerable to being parasitized by [[Ichneumonidae]].

Baculoviruses are parasite [[double-stranded DNA]] [[insect]] viruses that are used mostly as [[biological control]] agents. They are members of the [[Baculoviridae]], a family that is restricted to insects. Most baculovirus isolates have been obtained from insects, in particular from Lepidoptera.

There is evidence that ultrasound in the range emitted by bats causes flying moths to make evasive maneuvers. [[Ultrasound|Ultrasonic]] frequencies trigger a reflex action in the [[noctuid]] moth that causes it to drop a few centimeters or inches in its flight to evade attack,<ref>{{cite journal| last = Jones| first = G | author2=D A Waters| title = Moth hearing in response to bat echolocation calls manipulated independently in time and frequency| doi = 10.1098/rspb.2000.1188| year = 2000| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences| volume = 267| pmid = 11467425| issue = 1453| pmc = 1690724| pages = 1627–32}}</ref> and [[Arctiini (erebid moths)|tiger moths]] can emit clicks to foil bats' echolocation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaplan |first=Matt |date=17 July 2009 |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/07/090717-moths-jam-bat-sonar.html |title=Moths Jam Bat Sonar, Throw the Predators Off Course |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822014813/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/07/090717-moths-jam-bat-sonar.html |archive-date=22 August 2009 |url-status=dead |website=[[National Geographic]] News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106733884 |title=Some Moths Escape Bats By Jamming Sonar |type=video |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810131957/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106733884 |archive-date=10 August 2017 |url-status=live |website=[[NPR]] |date=17 July 2009}}</ref>

The fungus ''[[Ophiocordyceps sinensis]]'' infects the larvae of many different species of moths.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Entomopathogenicity and biological attributes of Himalayan treasured fungus ''Ophiocordyceps sinensis'' (Yarsagumba) | last1=Baral | first1=B | journal=Journal of Fungi | volume=3 | issue=1 | page=4 | pmid=29371523 | pmc=5715966 | doi=10.3390/jof3010004 | date=Feb 2017 | doi-access=free }}</ref>