Editing Morpheme (section)

===Zero-morpheme===
{{Main|Zero morpheme}}
A zero-morpheme is a type of morpheme that carries [[semantics|semantic]] meaning, but is not represented by [[auditory system|auditory]] phoneme. A word with a zero-morpheme is analyzed as having the morpheme for grammatical purposes, but the morpheme is not realized in speech. They are often represented by /[[∅]]/ within [[gloss (annotation)|glosses]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gerner|first1=Matthias|last2=Ling|first2=Zhang|date=2020-05-06|title=Zero morphemes in paradigms|url=https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/sl.16085.ger|journal=Studies in Language. International Journal Sponsored by the Foundation "Foundations of Language"|language=en|volume=44|issue=1|pages=1–26|doi=10.1075/sl.16085.ger|s2cid=218935697|issn=0378-4177|access-date=2020-09-15|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919195529/https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/sl.16085.ger|url-status=live}}</ref>

Generally, such morphemes have no visible changes. For instance, ''sheep'' is both the singular and the plural form of that noun; rather than taking the usual plural suffix ''-s'' to form hypothetical ''*sheeps'', the plural is analyzed as being composed of ''sheep + -∅'', the null plural suffix. The intended meaning is thus derived from the [[co-occurrence]] determiner (in this case, "some-" or "a-").<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dahl|first1=Eystein Dahl|last2=Fábregas|first2=Antonio|title=Zero Morphemes|url=https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-592|access-date=3 November 2019|website=Linguistics|year=2018|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.592|isbn=978-0-19-938465-5|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103023401/https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-592|url-status=live}}</ref>

In some cases, a zero-morpheme may also be used to contrast with other inflected forms of a word that contain an audible morpheme. For example, the plural noun ''cats'' in English consists of the root ''cat'' and the plural suffix ''-s,'' and so the singular ''cat'' may be analyzed as the root inflected with the null singular suffix -''∅''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Null morpheme – Glottopedia |url=http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Null_morpheme |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=glottopedia.org |archive-date=2022-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622125205/http://www.glottopedia.org/index.php/Null_morpheme |url-status=live }}</ref>