Editing Monza (section)

=== 19th century ===
[[File:02 Monza Cappella espiatoria.JPG|thumb|left|The Cappella Espiatoria]]

Considered by the French as a symbol of aristocratic power, the Royal Villa was destined for demolition. However, the protests of citizens stopped the process, although the abandonment caused the complex to decay.

Two-thirds of the gold and silver treasures of the Monza Cathedral were delivered to the mint of Milan, which turned them into coins used for military expenses. Bonaparte also took possession of the treasures of the Basilica and the Chapter Library books, and transferred them to the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France|National Library]] in Paris. The Iron Crown was left provisionally in Monza.

In 1805, the Italian Republic became the [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]] with its capital in Milan. On 26 May 1805, the Iron Crown was in Milan for the coronation of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], who put it on his head, uttering the famous phrase "God gave it to me, woe to anyone who touches it." Napoleon also established the [[Order of the Iron Crown]]. Monza received the title of Imperial City. The Viceroy of Italy, [[Eugène de Beauharnais]], was appointed in August 1805 and he settled in the Villa of Monza. In 1807 the castle was demolished.

In the fall of the First Empire (1815), Austria annexed the Italian territories to the Kingdom of [[Lombardy-Venetia]], Monza being included in the province of Milan. The Monzesi asked for the restoration of all the treasures taken by the French. In 1816 the city returned the possession of the books of the Treasury and Chapter Library. The Crown of Agilulf, however, had been melted in [[Paris]].

The next emperor [[Ferdinand I of Austria]] had himself crowned King of Lombardy and Venetia in Milan with the Iron Crown (6 September 1838), with the opportunity to extend various benefits to the city. New roads are opened, including the King Ferdinand road (now Via Vittorio Emanuele), while in 1842 the Bridge of Lions was erected near the old Roman bridge. In 1841 the first railway connecting Milan and Monza was inaugurated.

Monza took part in the [[Five Days of Milan]] (22–23 March 1848) Monza, expelling the Austrian garrison. The Austrians returned in 1849.

In 1859, at the end of the [[Second Italian War of Independence]], Lombardy became part of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]]. But the treasure and the Iron Crown had been transferred to Vienna by the Austrians and was returned to Monza only after the conclusion of the [[Third War of Italian Independence]] (December 1866).

On 31 December 1895 Monza had about 37,500 permanent inhabitants. The economy was based on the production of wheat, corn, fodder, potatoes, oats, rye and vegetables in general. Another source of wealth was the breeding of silkworms.

In 1900 Monza was the scene of the assassination of King [[Umberto I]] by anarchist [[Gaetano Bresci]]. To commemorate the spot of the crime, his successor [[Victor Emmanuel III]] ordered the construction of an [[Expiatory Chapel of Monza|Expiatory Chapel]] on Via Matteo da Campione.