Editing Montgomery County, Maryland (section)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1790= 18003
|1800= 15058
|1810= 17980
|1820= 16400
|1830= 19816
|1840= 15456
|1850= 15860
|1860= 18322
|1870= 20563
|1880= 24759
|1890= 27185
|1900= 30451
|1910= 32089
|1920= 34921
|1930= 49206
|1940= 83912
|1950= 164401
|1960= 340928
|1970= 522809
|1980= 579053
|1990= 757027
|2000= 873341
|2010= 971777
|2020= 1062061
|estyear=2023
|estimate=1058474
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 3, 2024|archive-date=April 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407074341/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=|archive-date=July 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706023553/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />1790–1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=September 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811110448/http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|archive-date=August 11, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> 1900–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/md190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031010914/http://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/md190090.txt|archive-date=October 31, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><br />1990–2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 12, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218203824/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|archive-date=December 18, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}

Since the 1970s, the county has had in place a Moderately Priced Dwelling Unit (MPDU) [[Zoning in the United States|zoning]] plan that requires developers to include [[affordable housing]] in any new residential developments that they construct in the county. The goal is to create socioeconomically mixed neighborhoods and schools so the rich and poor are not isolated in separate parts of the county. Developers who provide for more than the minimum amount of MPDUs are rewarded with permission to increase the density of their developments, which allows them to build more housing and generate more [[revenue]]. Montgomery County was one of the first counties in the U.S. to adopt such a plan, and many other areas have since followed suit.

Montgomery County is by far one of the most ethnically and culturally diverse counties in the United States; four of the ten most culturally diverse cities and towns in the U.S. are in Montgomery County: [[Gaithersburg, Maryland|Gaithersburg]], ranking second; [[Germantown, Maryland|Germantown]], ranking third; [[Silver Spring, Maryland|Silver Spring]], ranking fourth; and [[Rockville, Maryland|Rockville]], ranking ninth. Gaithersburg, Germantown, and Silver Spring all rank as more culturally diverse than [[New York City]], [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], and [[Oakland, California|Oakland]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hedgpeth|first=Dana|title=Four places in Maryland rank among the nation's most ethnically diverse, study says|language=en-US|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2018/02/13/four-cities-in-maryland-ranked-among-the-most-ethnically-diverse-study-says/|access-date=February 22, 2021|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=October 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001145521/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2018/02/13/four-cities-in-maryland-ranked-among-the-most-ethnically-diverse-study-says/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 17, 2021|title=4 Maryland cities in top 10 for most culturally diverse cities in U.S., according to WalletHub|url=https://www.fox5dc.com/news/4-maryland-cities-in-top-10-for-most-culturally-diverse-cities-in-u-s-according-to-wallethub|access-date=February 22, 2021|website=FOX 5 DC|language=en-US|archive-date=February 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218081533/https://www.fox5dc.com/news/4-maryland-cities-in-top-10-for-most-culturally-diverse-cities-in-u-s-according-to-wallethub|url-status=live}}</ref> Maryland overall is one of six minority-majority states, and the only minority-majority state on the East Coast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B03002&g=0400000US24&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B03002&hidePreview=true|access-date=February 22, 2021|title=Hispanic or Latino Origin by Race|website=data.census.gov|archive-date=March 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304223843/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B03002&g=0400000US24&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B03002&hidePreview=true|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Montgomery County, Maryland – racial and ethnic composition'''<br /><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop. 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Montgomery County, Maryland|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US24031&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=February 11, 2022|archive-date=February 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210235050/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US24031&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|url-status=live}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop. 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Montgomery County, Maryland|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US24031&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=February 11, 2022|archive-date=February 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210235050/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US24031&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|url-status=live}}</ref>
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|478,765
|style='background: #ffffe6; |430,980
|49.27%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |40.58%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|161,689
|style='background: #ffffe6; |192,714
|16.64%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |18.15%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|1,580
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,377
|0.16%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.13%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|134,677
|style='background: #ffffe6; |162,472
|13.86%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |15.30%
|-
|[[Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|427
|style='background: #ffffe6; |440
|0.04%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.04%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
|3,617
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8,589
|0.37%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.81%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|25,624
|style='background: #ffffe6; |48,080
|2.64%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.53%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|165,398
|style='background: #ffffe6; |217,409
|17.02%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |20.47%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''971,777'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''1,062,061'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census]], there were 971,777&nbsp;people, 357,086&nbsp;households, and 244,898&nbsp;families living in the county.<ref name="census-dp1">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US24031 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data |id=DP-1 |access-date=January 22, 2016 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213031453/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US24031 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>"[http://planning.maryland.gov/msdc/PFA/2010Census/SF1/mont_pfa10_P1.pdf 2010 Census Summary File One (SF1) - Maryland Population Characteristics, Montgomery County] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207030336/http://planning.maryland.gov/msdc/PFA/2010Census/SF1/mont_pfa10_P1.pdf |date=February 7, 2017 }}". ''United States Census Bureau'' via Maryland State Data Center.</ref> The population density was {{convert|1978.2|PD/sqmi}}. There were 375,905 housing units at an average density of {{convert|765.2|/mi2}}.<ref name="census-density">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US24031 |access-date=January 22, 2016 |title=Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213233715/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US24031 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 57.5% White, 17.2% Black or African American, 13.9% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 7.0% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 17.0% of the population.<ref name="census-dp1"/> In terms of ancestry, 10.7% were [[German Americans|German]], 9.6% were [[Irish Americans|Irish]], 7.9% were [[English Americans|English]], 4.9% were [[Italian Americans|Italian]], 3.5% were [[Russian Americans|Russian]], 3.1% were [[Polish Americans|Polish]], 2.9% were [[American ancestry|American]] and 2% were [[French Americans|French]].<ref name="census-dp2">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US24031 |title=Selected Social Characteristics in the United States 2006-2010; American Community Survey; 5-Year Estimates |id=DP02 |access-date=January 22, 2016 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213033010/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US24031 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> People of [[Central America]]n descent made up 8.1% of Montgomery County, with [[Salvadoran Americans]] constituting 5.4% of the county's population. Over 52,000 people of Salvadoran descent lived in Montgomery County, with Salvadoran Americans comprising approximately 32% of the county's Hispanic and Latino population. People of [[South America]]n descent make up 3.8% of the county, with [[Peruvian Americans]] being the largest South American community, constituting 1.2% of the county's population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ |title=Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=August 7, 2017  |archive-date=December 27, 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Of the 357,086&nbsp;households, 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 31.4% were non-families, and 25.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.22. The median age was 38.5 years.<ref name="census-dp1"/>

The median income for a household in the county was $93,373 and the median income for a family was $111,737. Males had a median income of $71,841 versus $55,431 for females. The per capita income for the county was $47,310. About 4.0% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 7.2% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="census-dp3">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US24031 |title=Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010; American Community Survey; 5-Year Estimates |id=DP03 |access-date=January 22, 2016 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213031517/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US24031 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census]], there were 873,058 people living in the county. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|racial makeup]] of the county was 65.0% white, 15.1% Black or African American, 11.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 5.0% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 11.5% of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusviewer.com/county/MD/Montgomery|title=Population of Montgomery County, MD - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts - CensusViewer|website=censusviewer.com|access-date=January 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103060222/http://censusviewer.com/county/MD/Montgomery|archive-date=January 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

There were 324,565 households, of which 35% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. Of all households, 24.4% were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.19.

25.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males.

In 2000, there were 334,632 housing units at an average density of {{convert|675|/mi2|0}}.

Montgomery County has the [[List of highest-income counties in the United States|tenth-highest]] [[median household income]] in the United States, and the second highest in the state after [[Howard County, Maryland|Howard County]] as of 2011. The median household income in 2007 was $89,284 and the median family income was $106,093. Males had a median income of $66,415 versus $52,134 for females. The per capita income for the county was $43,073. About 3.3% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.

===Religion===
Of Montgomery County's residents, 14% are [[Catholicism|Catholic]], 5% are [[Baptist]], 3% are [[Methodist]], 1% are [[Presbyterian]], 1% are [[Episcopalian]], 1% are part of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]], 1% are [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]], 6% are of another [[Christianity in the United States|Christian]] faith, 3% are [[Jewish American|Jewish]], 1% follows [[Islam]], and 1% are of an [[Eastern religions|eastern faith]].<ref name= montgomeryreligion>"[http://www.bestplaces.net/religion/county/maryland/montgomery Montgomery County, Maryland: Religion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013020/http://www.bestplaces.net/religion/county/maryland/montgomery |date=October 13, 2017 }}". ''Sperling's BestPlaces''. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</ref> Overall, 41% of the county's residents are [[religion in the United States|affiliated with a religion]].<ref name= montgomeryreligion/>

Montgomery County was named the most religiously diverse county in the United States in 2023 by the [[Public Religion Research Institute]]'s census.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-29 |title=2023 PRRI Census of American Religion: County-Level Data on Religious Identity and Diversity {{!}} PRRI |url=https://www.prri.org/research/census-2023-american-religion/#page-section-2 |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=PRRI {{!}} At the intersection of religion, values, and public life. |language=en-US |archive-date=September 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911233526/https://www.prri.org/research/census-2023-american-religion/#page-section-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> Counties were given a diversity index between 0 and 1, with 0 signifying no diversity, and 1 signifying complete diversity. Montgomery County earned a .886, higher than the national average of .615.

Montgomery County has the largest Jewish population in the state of Maryland, accounting for 45% of Maryland Jews. According to the [[Berman Jewish DataBank]], Montgomery County has a Jewish population of 105,400 people, around 10% of the county's population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishdatabank.org/content/upload/bjdb/2018-United_States_Jewish_Population_(AJYB,_Sheskin,_Dashefsky)_DB_Final.pdf |title=United States Jewish Population, 2018 |publisher=[[Berman Jewish DataBank]] |access-date=January 16, 2020 |archive-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806135102/https://www.jewishdatabank.org/content/upload/bjdb/2018-United_States_Jewish_Population_(AJYB,_Sheskin,_Dashefsky)_DB_Final.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Washington metropolitan area]], with 295,500 Jews, has become the third-largest Jewish population in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2018/02/13/d-c-jewish-population-is-booming-but-synagogue-engagement-is-low-study-finds/ |title=D.C. area's Jewish population is booming: Now the third largest in the nation, report says |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=January 16, 2020 |archive-date=May 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503184012/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2018/02/13/d-c-jewish-population-is-booming-but-synagogue-engagement-is-low-study-finds/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of 2020, Montgomery County is home to 776 religious congregations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congregational Membership Reports {{!}} US Religion |url=https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&t=0&c=24031 |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=www.thearda.com}}</ref>