Editing Monaco (section)

==Government==
[[File:Logo Gouvernement Princier Monaco.svg|thumb|Logo of the princely government of Monaco]]

===Politics===
{{Main|Politics of Monaco}}
[[File:Prince Albert II 2016.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Albert II, Prince of Monaco]]]]
Monaco has been governed under a [[constitutional monarchy]] since 1911, with the [[Prince of Monaco|Sovereign Prince of Monaco]] as [[head of state]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm |title=Monaco |website=State.gov |date=16 November 2011 |access-date=22 March 2012 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814092549/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Executive (government)|executive branch]] consists of a [[Minister of State (Monaco)|Prime Minister]] as the [[head of government]], who presides over the other five members of the [[Council of Government]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-iq.com/politics |title=Politics |publisher=Monaco-IQ |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-date=6 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406122848/http://www.monaco-iq.com/politics |url-status=live }}</ref> Until 2002, the Prime Minister was a French citizen appointed by the prince from among candidates proposed by the Government of France; since a constitutional amendment in 2002, the Prime Minister can be French or Monégasque.<ref name="state1" /> On 2 September 2024, Prince Albert II appointed a French citizen, [[Didier Guillaume]], to the office.

Under the 1962 [[Constitution of Monaco]], the prince shares his [[veto]] power with the [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[National Council (Monaco)|National Council]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globaledge.msu.edu/Countries/Monaco/government |title=Monaco: Government |website=GlobalEdge.msu.edu |date=4 October 2004 |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-date=10 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710022946/http://globaledge.msu.edu/Countries/Monaco/Government |url-status=live }}</ref> The 24 members of the National Council are elected for five-year terms; 16 are chosen through a majority electoral system and 8 by proportional representation.<ref name="freedomhouse1">{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/monaco |title=Monaco |publisher=Freedom House |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115151511/http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/monaco |archive-date=15 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> All legislation requires the approval of the National Council. Following the [[2023 Monegasque general election]], all 24 seats are held by the pro-monarchist [[Monegasque National Union]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schminke |first1=Tobias Gerhard |title=Single alliance wins all seats in 'historic' Monaco election |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/single-alliance-wins-all-seats-in-historic-monaco-election/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |publisher=Euractiv |date=7 February 2023 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209190534/https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/single-alliance-wins-all-seats-in-historic-monaco-election/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The principality's city affairs are managed by the [[Municipality of Monaco]]. The municipality is directed by the [[Communal Council of Monaco|Communal Council]],<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web |url=http://www.monacohebdo.mc/4786-deux-listes-pour-une-mairie |title=Deux listes pour une mairie |work=Monaco Hebdo |access-date=15 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510034909/http://www.monacohebdo.mc/4786-deux-listes-pour-une-mairie |archive-date=10 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> which consists of 14 elected members and is presided over by a [[List of mayors of Monaco|mayor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/elus-monaco/ |title=Les élus |author=Mairie de Monaco |work=La Mairie de Monaco |access-date=15 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515063156/http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/elus-monaco/ |archive-date=15 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Georges Marsan]] has been mayor since 2003. Unlike the National Council, communal councillors are elected for four-year terms<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/mairie-monaco/le-conseil-communal/ |title=Le Conseil Communal – Mairie de Monaco |work=La Mairie de Monaco |access-date=15 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232740/http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/mairie-monaco/le-conseil-communal/ |archive-date=16 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and are strictly [[non-partisan]]; [[Opposition (politics)|oppositions]] inside the council frequently form.<ref name="autogenerated3" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nicematin.com/article/actualites/elections-communales-a-monaco-vingt-quatre-candidats-en-lice.460784.html |title=Élections communales à Monaco: vingt-quatre candidats en lice |work=nicematin.com |access-date=15 April 2013 |archive-date=6 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606193455/http://www.nicematin.com/article/actualites/elections-communales-a-monaco-vingt-quatre-candidats-en-lice.460784.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Members of the judiciary of Monaco are appointed by the Sovereign Prince. Key positions within the judiciary are held by French magistrates, proposed by the Government of France. Monaco currently has three [[examining magistrate]]s.<ref>[http://www.justice.gouv.fr/organisation-de-la-justice-10031/la-justice-a-monaco-23315.html La justice à Monaco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202233638/http://www.justice.gouv.fr/organisation-de-la-justice-10031/la-justice-a-monaco-23315.html |date=2 December 2021 }}: "Les deux chefs de la cour d'appel, le premier président et le procureur général, sont des magistrats français."</ref>

===Security===
{{See also|Law enforcement in Monaco|}}
[[File:The Palace Guards.jpg|thumb|Palace guards in Monaco]]
The wider defence of the nation is provided by France. Monaco has no navy or air force, but on both a per-capita and per-area basis, Monaco has one of the largest police forces (515 police officers for about 38,000 people) and police presences in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monte-carlo.mc/en/information/safety/ |title=Security in Monaco |website=Monte-carlo.mc |date=13 May 2012 |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-date=6 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506013905/http://www.monte-carlo.mc/en/information/safety/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its police includes a special unit which operates patrol and surveillance boats jointly with the military. Police forces in Monaco are commanded by a French officer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Gouvernement-et-Institutions/Le-Gouvernement/Departement-de-l-Interieur/Direction-de-la-Surete-Publique/Division-de-Police-Maritime-et-Aeroportuaire |title=Division de Police Maritime et Aéroportuaire |language=fr |website=Gouv.mc |date=16 August 1960 |access-date=28 May 2012 |archive-date=17 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717001240/http://www.gouv.mc/Gouvernement-et-Institutions/Le-Gouvernement/Departement-de-l-Interieur/Direction-de-la-Surete-Publique/Division-de-Police-Maritime-et-Aeroportuaire |url-status=live }}</ref>

There is also a small [[Military of Monaco|military force]]. This consists of a bodyguard unit for the prince and his [[Prince's Palace of Monaco|palace]] in [[Monaco-Ville]] called the [[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]] (Prince's Company of Carabiniers);<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/sovereign-house/the-palace-guards/the-palace-guards.453.html |title=The Palace Guards – Prince's Palace of Monaco |website=Palais.mc |date=27 January 2011 |access-date=28 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423061945/http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/sovereign-house/the-palace-guards/the-palace-guards.453.html |archive-date=23 April 2012}}</ref> together with the militarised, armed fire and civil defence corps ([[Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers de Monaco|Sapeurs-Pompiers]]) it forms Monaco's total forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pompiers.gouv.mc/321/wwwnew.nsf/1909!/x1Fr?OpenDocument%261Fr |title=Présentation |publisher=Corps des sapeurs-pompiers de Monaco |access-date=22 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206010807/http://www.pompiers.gouv.mc/321/wwwnew.nsf/1909!/x1Fr?OpenDocument&1Fr |archive-date=6 December 2013}}</ref> The Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince was created by [[Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco|Prince Honoré IV]] in 1817 for the protection of the principality and the princely family. The company numbers exactly 116 officers and men; while the [[non-commissioned officer]]s and [[soldier]]s are local, the officers have generally served in the [[French Army]]. In addition to their guard duties as described, the carabiniers patrol the principality's beaches and coastal waters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gouv.mc/Gouvernement-et-Institutions/Le-Gouvernement/Departement-de-l-Interieur/Compagnie-des-Carabiniers-du-Prince |title=Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince |language=fr |website=Gouv.mc |access-date=12 March 2013 |archive-date=5 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205223110/http://www.gouv.mc/Gouvernement-et-Institutions/Le-Gouvernement/Departement-de-l-Interieur/Compagnie-des-Carabiniers-du-Prince |url-status=live }}</ref>