Editing Mohicans (section)

===Stockbridge===
Many Mohicans settled in the town of [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]], where they gradually became known as the "Stockbridge Indians". {{lang|mjy|Etow Oh Koam}}, one of their chiefs, accompanied three Mohawk chiefs on a state visit to [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] and her government in England in 1710. They were popularly referred to as the [[Four Mohawk Kings]].

[[File:Mohawk king engraving.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Mohican chief {{lang|mjy|Etow Oh Koam}}, referred to as one of the [[Four Mohawk Kings]] in a state visit to [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] in 1710. By [[John Simon (engraver)|John Simon]], c. 1750.]]
The Stockbridge Indians allowed [[Protestant]] [[missionary|missionaries]], including [[Jonathan Edwards (theologian)|Jonathan Edwards]], to live among them.  In the 18th century, many converted to [[Christianity]], while keeping certain traditions of their own.  They fought on the side of the British colonists in the [[French and Indian War]] (also known as the [[Seven Years' War]]).  During the [[American Revolution]], they sided with the colonists.<ref>{{cite book| last1=Calloway| first1=Colin| title=The American Revolution in Indian Country: Crisis and Diversity in Native American Communities| date=1995| publisher=Cambridge University Press| isbn=978-0-521-47149-7| pages=[https://archive.org/details/americanrevoluti00call/page/88 88–107]| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/americanrevoluti00call/page/88}}</ref>

In the eighteenth century, some of the Mohicans developed strong ties with missionaries of the [[Moravian Church]] from [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania]], who founded a mission at their village of {{lang|mjy|[[Shekomeko]]}} in [[Dutchess County, New York]]. Henry Rauch reached out to two Mohican leaders, {{lang|mjy|Maumauntissekun}}, also known as {{lang|mjy|Shabash}}; and {{lang|mjy|Wassamapah}}, who took him back to Shekomeko. They named him the new religious teacher. Over time, Rauch won listeners, as the Mohicans had suffered much from disease and warfare, which had disrupted their society. Early in 1742, Shabash and two other Mohicans accompanied Rauch to Bethlehem, where he was to be ordained as a deacon. The three Mohicans were baptized on 11 February 1742 in John de Turk's barn nearby at [[Oley, Pennsylvania]]. Shabash was the first Mohican of Shekomeko to adopt the Christian religion.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dunn|title=The Mohican World 1680–1750|year=2000|pages=228–230}}</ref> The Moravians built a chapel for the Mohican people in 1743. They defended the Mohican against European colonists' exploitation, trying to protect them against land encroachment and abuses of liquor.

On a 1738 visit to New York, the Mohicans spoke to Governor [[Lewis Morris (governor)|Lewis Morris]] concerning the sale of their land near Shekomeko. The Governor promised they would be paid as soon as the lands were surveyed.  He suggested that for their own security, they should mark off their square mile of land they wished to keep, which the Mohicans never did. In September 1743, still under the Acting-Governor [[George Clarke (governor)|George Clarke]] the land was finally surveyed by New York Assembly agents and divided into lots, a row of which ran through the Indians' reserved land. With some help from the missionaries, on 17 October 1743 and already under the new Royal Governor [[George Clinton (Royal Navy officer)|George Clinton]], Shabash put together a petition of names of people who could attest that the land in which one of the lots was running through was theirs. Despite Shabash's appeals, his persistence, and the missionaries' help, the Mohicans lost the case.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dunn|title=The Mohican World 1680–1750|year=2000|pages=232–235}}</ref> The lots were eventually bought up by European-American colonists and the Mohicans were forced out of Shekomeko. Some who opposed the missionaries' work accused them of being secret [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] (who had been outlawed from the colony in 1700) and of working with the Mohicans on the side of the French. The missionaries were summoned more than once before colonial government, but also had supporters. In the late 1740s the colonial government at [[Poughkeepsie, New York|Poughkeepsie]] expelled the missionaries from New York, in part because of their advocacy of Mohican rights. European colonists soon took over the Mohican land.<ref>[http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/town/pineplains/history.html Philip H. Smith, "Pine Plains"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515111533/http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ny/town/pineplains/history.html |date=15 May 2011 }}, ''General History of Duchess County from 1609 to 1876, inclusive'', Pawling, NY: 1877, accessed 3 March 2010</ref>

====Revolutionary War====
[[File:Stockbridge 1778.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Von Ewald sketch of a [[Stockbridge Militia]] warrior who fought on the Patriot side in the [[Continental Army]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]]]]

In August 1775, the [[Iroquois Confederacy|Six Nations]] staged a council fire near Albany, after news of Bunker Hill had made war seem imminent. After much debate, they decided that such a war was a private affair between the British and the colonists (known as Rebels, Revolutionaries, Congress-Men, American Whigs, or [[Patriot (American Revolution)|Patriots]]), and that they should stay out of it. Mohawk Chief [[Joseph Brant]] feared that the Indians would lose their lands if the Colonists achieved independence. Sir [[Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet|William Johnson]], his son [[Sir John Johnson, 2nd Baronet|John Johnson]] and son-in-law [[Guy Johnson]] and Brant used all their influence to engage the Iroquois to fight for the British cause. The [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]], [[Onondaga people|Onondaga]], [[Cayuga people|Cayuga]], and [[Seneca people|Seneca]] ultimately became allies and provided warriors for the battles in the New York area. The [[Oneida people|Oneida]] and [[Tuscarora people|Tuscarora]] sided with the Colonists. The Mohicans, who as Algonquians were not part of the Iroquois Confederacy, sided with the Patriots, serving at the Siege of Boston, and the battles of Saratoga and Monmouth.

In 1778 they lost forty warriors of their [[Stockbridge Militia]], around half "Stockbridge Indians" who were remnants of both Mohican and [[Wappinger]] tribes, in a British attack on the land of the van Cortlandt family. (In 1888, the property became [[Van Cortlandt Park]] in the Bronx, New York.) The [[Stockbridge Militia#The Stockbridge Massacre|Battle of Kingsbridge]] decimated the troop's ranks.<ref name=walling>[https://www.americanrevolution.org/ind3.php "Death In the Bronx, The Stockbridge Indian Massacre August, 1778"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020094902/https://www.americanrevolution.org/ind3.php |date=20 October 2021 }}, Richard S. Walling,  americanrevolution.org</ref>  It received a commendation from George Washington,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Aupaumut|first1=Hendrick|title=From George Washington to Captain Hendrick Aupaumut, 4 July 1779|url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-21-02-0283|publisher=Archives.gov|access-date=21 April 2018|archive-date=21 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421233341/https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-21-02-0283|url-status=live}}</ref> was paid $1,000 and dismissed.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mohicans of Stockbridge|author=Frazier, Patrick|pages=225}}</ref>