Editing Milk (section)

==Sources==
[[File:Farm in sogn og fjordane.JPG|thumb|Modern [[dairy farm]] in Norway]]
All mammal species have females who can produce milk for some time after giving birth. Cow milk dominates the amount of milk produced. In 2011, FAO estimates 85% of all milk worldwide was produced from cows.<ref name=gs12>{{cite web |title=Milk availability{{nbsp}}– Trends in production and demand and medium-term outlook |author=Gerosa and Skoet |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations |year=2012 |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/an450e/an450e00.pdf |access-date=August 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906163434/http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/an450e/an450e00.pdf |archive-date=September 6, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Human milk is not produced or distributed industrially or commercially; however, [[human milk bank]]s collect donated human [[breastmilk]] and redistribute it to infants who may benefit from human milk for various reasons (premature neonates, babies with allergies, [[Inborn error of metabolism|metabolic diseases]], etc.) but who cannot breastfeed.<ref>[https://www.hmbana.org/ Why Bank Milk?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807233928/https://www.hmbana.org/ |date=August 7, 2013 }} Human Milk Banking Association of North America</ref> Actual inability to produce enough milk is rare, with studies showing that mothers from malnourished regions still produce amounts of milk of similar quality to that of mothers in developed countries.<ref>Prentice, A.M., Paul, A., Prentice, A., Black, A., Cole, T., & Whitehead, R. (1986). Cross – cultural differences in lactational performance. In Maternal Environmental Factors in Human Lactation. Human Lactation 2, pp. 13 = 44 [Hamosh, M., & Goldman, A.S. (eds)]. New York: Plenum Press.</ref><ref name="BeckerSmith2015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker GE, Smith HA, Cooney F |date=February 2015 |editor1-last=Becker |editor1-first=Genevieve E |title=Methods of milk expression for lactating women |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=2 |pages=CD006170 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006170.pub4 |pmid=25722103}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Srinivasjois |first1=Ravisha |last2=Sharma |first2=Ajay |last3=Shah |first3=Prakesh |last4=Kava |first4=Maina |date=July 2011 |title=Effect of induction of meconium evacuation using per rectal laxatives on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in term infants: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials |journal=Indian Journal of Medical Sciences |volume=65 |issue=7 |pages=278–285 |doi=10.4103/0019-5359.107388 |doi-broken-date=November 1, 2024 |issn=1998-3654 |pmid=23422701 |doi-access=free}}</ref> There are many reasons a mother may [[Low milk supply|not produce enough breast milk]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Low milk supply: What causes it? |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/low-milk-supply/faq-20058148 |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Mayo Clinic |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428110742/https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/low-milk-supply/faq-20058148 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Asztalos |first=Elizabeth V. |date=2018-05-12 |title=Supporting Mothers of Very Preterm Infants and Breast Milk Production: A Review of the Role of Galactogogues |journal=Nutrients |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=600 |doi=10.3390/nu10050600 |issn=2072-6643 |pmc=5986480 |pmid=29757199 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KellyMom |date=2011-08-02 |title=Fenugreek Seed for Increasing Milk Supply - KellyMom.com |url=https://kellymom.com/bf/can-i-breastfeed/herbs/fenugreek/,%20https://kellymom.com/bf/can-i-breastfeed/herbs/fenugreek/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129200337/https://kellymom.com/bf/can-i-breastfeed/herbs/fenugreek/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The amount of milk produced depends on how often the mother is nursing and/or [[Breast pump|pumping]]: the more the mother nurses her baby or pumps, the more milk is produced.<ref name="mayo1">{{cite web |date=2010-03-13 |title=Breast-feeding: Pumping and maintaining your milk supply |url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/breast-feeding/FL00120 |access-date=2011-10-26 |publisher=MayoClinic.com |archive-date=August 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826135228/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/breast-feeding/FL00120 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2010-01-01 |title=Breast milk: Increasing supply – iVillage |url=http://parenting.ivillage.com/newborn/nbreastfeed/0,,456z,00.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2011-10-26 |publisher=Parenting.ivillage.com |archive-date=May 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514140816/http://parenting.ivillage.com/newborn/nbreastfeed/0,,456z,00.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=KellyMom |date=2016-08-10 |title=thương hiệu |url=https://ganolamum.vn/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223212359/https://ganolamum.vn/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=How Breast Milk is Produced |url=http://www.babies.sutterhealth.org/breastfeeding/bf_production.html |access-date=2011-10-26 |publisher=Babies.sutterhealth.org |archive-date=September 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916161254/http://www.babies.sutterhealth.org/breastfeeding/bf_production.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the Western world, cow's milk is produced on an industrial scale and is, by far, the most commonly consumed form of milk. Commercial dairy farming using [[automatic milking|automated milking]] equipment produces the vast majority of milk in [[Developed country|developed countries]]. [[Dairy cattle]], such as the [[Holstein cattle|Holstein]], have been bred selectively for increased milk production. About 90% of the dairy cows in the United States and 85% in [[UK|Great Britain]] are Holsteins.<ref name="On Food and Cooking"/> Other dairy cows in the United States include [[Ayrshire cattle|Ayrshire]], [[Brown Swiss]], [[Guernsey cattle|Guernsey]], [[Jersey cattle|Jersey]] and [[Milking Shorthorn]] (Dairy Shorthorn).

===Other animal-based sources===
{{multiple image|total_width=300
|title = Other significant sources of milk
| image1 = Goat family.jpg|width1=1600|height1=1067|caption1=Goats (2% of world's milk)
| image2 = Water buffaloes Sri Lanka grazing.jpg|width2=3264|height2=2448|caption2=Buffaloes (11%)
}}
Aside from cattle, many kinds of livestock provide milk used by humans for dairy products. These animals include [[Water buffalo#Dairy products|water buffalo]], [[Goat milk|goat]], [[sheep milk|sheep]], [[camel milk|camel]], [[Ass's milk (Donkey's milk)|donkey]], [[horse#Products|horse]], reindeer and yak. The first four respectively produced about 11%, 2%, 1.4% and 0.2% of all milk worldwide in 2011.<ref name=gs12/>

In Russia and Sweden, small [[moose milk|moose dairies]] also exist.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grandell |first1=Tommy |title=Sweden's healthy moose cheese is a prized delicacy |url=https://www.goupstate.com/article/NC/20040707/news/605167766/SJ |access-date=January 24, 2020 |work=GoUpstate |date=July 7, 2004 |language=en |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125184131/https://www.goupstate.com/article/NC/20040707/news/605167766/SJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to the US National Bison Association, [[American bison]] (also called American buffalo) are not milked commercially;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bisoncentral.com/index.php?c=63&d=73&a=1022&w=2&r=Y|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211091834/http://bisoncentral.com/index.php?c=63&d=73&a=1022&w=2&r=Y|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 11, 2006 |title=About Bison: Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=National Bison Association |access-date=August 16, 2009}}</ref> however, various sources report cows resulting from cross-breeding bison and domestic cattle are good milk producers, and have been used both during the European settlement of North America<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Joel Asaph |title=History of the American Bison: bison americanus |editor=Elliott Coues, Secretary of the Survey |publisher=Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Government Printing Office |location=Washington, DC |date=June 1877 |series=extracted from the 9th Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey (1875) |pages=585–86 |chapter=Part II., Chapter 4. Domestication of the Buffalo |oclc=991639 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oj04AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA585 |access-date=August 16, 2009 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903191101/https://books.google.com/books?id=oj04AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA585 |url-status=live }}</ref> and during the development of commercial [[Beefalo]] in the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=March–April 1981 |title=The Basics of Beefalo Raising |journal=[[Mother Earth News]] |first=George |last=O'Connor |issue=68 |url=http://www.motherearthnews.com/Sustainable-Farming/1981-03-01/The-Basics-of-Beefalo-Raising.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504113756/http://www.motherearthnews.com/Sustainable-Farming/1981-03-01/The-Basics-of-Beefalo-Raising.aspx |archive-date=May 4, 2007 |access-date=February 8, 2011}}</ref>

[[Swine]] are almost never milked, even though [[Pig milk|their milk]] is similar to cow's milk and perfectly suitable for human consumption. The main reasons for this are that milking a sow's numerous small teats is very cumbersome, and that sows cannot store their milk as cows can.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2010/06/22/waarom-drinken-we-de-melk-van-varkens-niet-11909380-a977345 |title=Waarom drinken we de melk van varkens niet? |website=NRC |date=June 22, 2010 |access-date=December 31, 2017 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106113242/https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2010/06/22/waarom-drinken-we-de-melk-van-varkens-niet-11909380-a977345 |url-status=live |last1=Bronzwaer |first1=Stijn }}</ref> A few pig farms do sell pig cheese as a novelty item; these cheeses are exceedingly expensive.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.plezierindekeuken.nl/nieuw-en-peperduur-kaas-van-varkensmelk/ |title=Nieuw (en peperduur): kaas van varkensmelk{{nbsp}}– Plezier in de Keuken|newspaper=Plezier in de Keuken|date=August 26, 2015|access-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101083656/https://www.plezierindekeuken.nl/nieuw-en-peperduur-kaas-van-varkensmelk/|archive-date=January 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>