Editing MicroRNA (section)

===Nuclear export===
[[File:3a6p xpo5 ran miRNA.png|thumb|left|The human exportin-5 protein (red) in complex with [[Ran-GTP]] (yellow) and a pre-microRNA (green), showing two-[[nucleotide]] overhang recognition element (orange). From {{PDB|3A6P}}.]]

Pre-miRNA hairpins are exported from the nucleus in a process involving the nucleocytoplasmic shuttler [[XPO5|Exportin-5]]. This protein, a member of the [[karyopherin|karyopherin family]], recognizes a two-nucleotide overhang left by the RNase III enzyme Drosha at the 3' end of the pre-miRNA hairpin. Exportin-5-mediated transport to the cytoplasm is energy-dependent, using [[guanosine triphosphate]] (GTP) bound to the [[Ran (biology)|Ran]] protein.<ref name="pmid15145345">{{cite journal | vauthors = Murchison EP, Hannon GJ | title = miRNAs on the move: miRNA biogenesis and the RNAi machinery | journal = Current Opinion in Cell Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 223–29 | date = June 2004 | pmid = 15145345 | doi = 10.1016/j.ceb.2004.04.003 | author-link2 = Gregory Hannon | author-link1 = Elizabeth Murchison }} {{closed access}}</ref>