Editing Metonymy (section)

==Art==

Metonyms can also be wordless. For example, [[Roman Jakobson]]<ref>Jakobson, R. (1971) ''Selected Writings: Word and Language, Vol 2.'' The Hague: Mouton.</ref> argued that cubist art relied heavily on nonlinguistic metonyms, while surrealist art relied more on metaphors.

[[George Lakoff|Lakoff]] and Turner<ref>Lakoff, G. and Turner, M. (1989) ''More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor.'' Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.</ref> argued that all words are metonyms: "Words stand for the concepts they express". Some artists have used actual words as metonyms in their paintings. For example, [[Miró]]'s 1925 painting "Photo: This is the Color of My Dreams" has the word "photo" to represent the image of his dreams. This painting comes from a series of paintings called peintures-poésies (paintings-poems) which reflect Miró's interest in dreams and the subconscious<ref>Rowell, M. (1976) ''Joan Miró: Peinture – Poésie.'' Paris: Éditions de la différence.</ref> and the relationship of words, images, and thoughts. [[Picasso]], in his 1911 painting "Pipe Rack and Still Life on Table" inserts the word "Ocean" rather than painting an ocean: These paintings by Miró and Picasso are, in a sense, the reverse of a [[rebus]]: the word stands for the picture, instead of the picture standing for the word.