Editing Meconium aspiration syndrome (section)

=== Infection ===
Microorganisms, most commonly [[Gram-negative bacteria|Gram-negative]] rods, and [[endotoxins]] are found in samples of MSAF at a higher rate than in clear amniotic fluid, for example 46.9% of patients with MSAF also had endotoxins present. A microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) is more common in patients with MSAF and this could ultimately lead to an intra-amniotic inflammatory response. MIAC is associated with high concentrations of [[cytokine]]s (such as [[Interleukin 6|IL-6]]), [[chemokine]]s (such as [[Interleukin 8|IL-8]] and [[monocyte chemoattractant protein-1]]), [[Complement system|complement]], [[Phospholipase A2|phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>]] and matrix-degrading enzymes. Therefore, these aforementioned mediators within the amniotic fluid during MIAC and intra-amniotic infection could, when aspirated ''in'' ''utero'', induce lung inflammation within the foetus.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Romero|first1=R|last2=Yoon|first2=BH|last3=Chaemsaithong|first3=P|last4=Cortez|first4=J|last5=Park|first5=CW|last6=Behnke|first6=RGE|last7=Hassan|first7=SS|last8=Chaiworapongsa|first8=T|last9=Yeo|first9=L|date=2014|title=Bacteria and Endotoxin in Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid at Term: Could Intra-amniotic Infection Cause Meconium Passage?|journal=The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine|volume=27|issue=8|pages=775–788|doi=10.3109/14767058.2013.844124|pmc=5881914|pmid=24028637}}</ref>