Editing Mayor of London (section)

==Initiatives==
===Ken Livingstone===
Initiatives taken by [[Ken Livingstone]] as Mayor of London included the [[London congestion charge]] on private vehicles using city centre London on weekdays, the creation of the [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group|London Climate Change Agency]], the London Energy Partnership and the founding of the international [[Large Cities Climate Leadership Group]], now known as [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]]. The congestion charge led to many new buses being introduced across London. In August 2003, Livingstone oversaw the introduction of the [[Oyster card]] electronic ticketing system for [[Transport for London]] services.<ref name=cw-20030819>{{cite news |url=http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240052235/London-fare-freeze-to-boost-smartcard-use |title=London fare freeze to boost smartcard use |author=James Rogers |newspaper=Computer Weekly |date=19 August 2003 |access-date=19 September 2014}}</ref> Livingstone supported the withdrawal of the vintage [[AEC Routemaster]] buses from regular service in London.<ref>{{Cite news|author= Dwyer, Robyn|date = 5 October 2013|access-date = 15 February 2023|url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/update/2013-10-05/ken-livingstone-too-many-people-died-on-routemasters/|title=Ken Livingstone: too many people died on Routemasters|work=[[ITV News]]}}</ref>

Livingstone introduced the London Partnerships Register which was a voluntary scheme without legal force for same sex couples to register their partnership, and paved the way for the introduction by the United Kingdom Parliament of [[civil partnership]]s and later still, [[Same-sex marriage]]. Unlike civil partnerships, the London Partnerships Register was open to heterosexual couples who favour a public commitment other than marriage.

As Mayor of London, Livingstone was a supporter of the [[2012 Summer Olympics|London Olympics in 2012]], ultimately winning the bid to host the Games in 2005. Livingstone encouraged sport in London; especially when sport could be combined with helping charities like The London Marathon and 10K charity races. Livingstone, in a mayoral election debate on the [[BBC]]'s ''[[Question Time (TV programme)|Question Time]]'' in April 2008, stated that the primary reason he supported the Olympic bid was to secure funding for the redevelopment of the [[East End of London]]. In July 2007, he brought the [[2007 Tour de France|Tour de France]] cycle race to London.

===Boris Johnson===
In May 2008, [[Boris Johnson]] introduced a new transport safety initiative to put 440 high visibility police officers in and around bus stations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16933|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528233456/http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16933|url-status=dead|title=GLA Press Release – New action on transport safety|archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref> A ban on alcohol on underground, and Docklands Light Railway, tram services and stations across the capital was introduced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16793|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513075018/http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16793|url-status=dead|title=GLA Press Release – Plan to ban alcohol on the transport network|archive-date=13 May 2008}}</ref>

Also in May 2008, he announced the closure of ''[[The Londoner]]'' newspaper, saving approximately £2.9&nbsp;million. A percentage of this saving was to be spent on planting 10,000 new street trees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16873|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517104647/http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=16873|url-status=dead|title=GLA Press Release – Closure of The Londoner newspaper|archive-date=17 May 2008}}</ref>

In 2010, he extended the coverage of [[Oyster card]] electronic ticketing to all National Rail overground train services.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/microsites/investments/11.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327045219/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/microsites/investments/11.aspx|url-status=dead|title=Oyster Oyster pay as you go on National Rail|archive-date=27 March 2012}}</ref> Also in 2010, he opened a [[Santander Cycles|cycle hire scheme]] (originally sponsored by [[Barclays]], now [[Santander UK|Santander]]) with 5,000 bicycles available for hire across London. Although initiated by his predecessor, [[Ken Livingstone]], the scheme rapidly acquired the nickname of "Boris Bikes". Johnson withdrew the recently introduced high-speed high-capacity "[[Articulated bus|bendy bus]]es" from service in 2011 which had been bought by Livingstone, and he instead supported the development of the [[New Routemaster]]<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-16091997 |title = Bendy bus makes final journey for Transport for London|work = [[BBC News]]|date = 10 December 2011|access-date = 15 February 2023}}</ref> which entered service the next year.

In 2011, Boris Johnson set up the Outer London Fund of £50&nbsp;million designed to help facilitate improve local high streets.<ref>{{cite web|title=Outer London Fund |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/business-economy/investing-future/outer-london-town-centres |work=london.gov.uk|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224173124/http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/business-economy/investing-future/outer-london-town-centres |archive-date=24 December 2011}}</ref> Areas in London were given the chance to submit proposals for two tranches of funding. Successful bids for Phase 1 included Enfield,<ref>{{cite web|title=Successful Outer London Bids |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/business-economy/investing-future/outer-london-town-centres/successful-bids |work=london.gov.uk|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130210800/http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/business-economy/investing-future/outer-london-town-centres/successful-bids |archive-date=30 January 2012}}</ref> Muswell Hill<ref>{{cite web|title=Will Muswell Hill have a Town Square?|url=http://www.mymuswell.com/articles/show/a-new-town-square-for-muswell-hill|work=My Muswell|date=23 December 2011}}</ref> and Bexley town centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bexley Outer London Fund |date=5 August 2011|author=Cleverly, James  |author-link= James Cleverly|url=http://jamescleverly.blogspot.com/2011/08/outer-london-fund-projects-in-bexley.html |work=jamescleverly.blogspot.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925142437/http://jamescleverly.blogspot.com/2011/08/outer-london-fund-projects-in-bexley.html |archive-date=25 September 2011 }}</ref> The recipients of phase 2 funding were still to be announced {{As of|2011}}.

In January 2013, he appointed journalist [[Andrew Gilligan]] as the first Cycling Commissioner for London.<ref>[http://www.bikeradar.com/commuting/news/article/andrew-gilligan-appointed-cycling-czar-by-mayor-johnson-36283/ Andrew Gilligan appointed 'Cycling Czar' by mayor Johnson]. BikeRadar (28 January 2013). Retrieved 6 December 2013.</ref> In March 2013, Johnson announced £1&nbsp;billion of investment in infrastructure to make cycling safer in London, including a {{convert|15|mi|adj=on}} East to West segregated 'Crossrail for bikes'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-21697423|title='Crossrail for bikes' set for London|date=7 March 2013|work=BBC News|access-date=6 April 2016}}</ref>

At the [[2015 United Kingdom general election|General Election]] of 7 May 2015, Johnson was elected MP for [[Uxbridge and South Ruislip (UK Parliament constituency)|Uxbridge and South Ruislip]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Uxbridge & South Ruislip |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14001007|work=BBC News}}</ref> He continued to serve as mayor until the mayoral election in May 2016, when [[Sadiq Khan]] was elected.

===Sadiq Khan===
{{Update|section|date=May 2024}}
[[Sadiq Khan]] introduced the 'bus hopper' fare on [[Transport for London|TfL]] buses, which allows passengers to board a second bus within one hour for the same fare.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citymetric.com/transport/sadiq-khan-s-hopper-fare-encouraging-londoners-buses-3455|title=Is Sadiq Khan's hopper fare encouraging Londoners onto the buses? &#124; CityMetric|website=citymetric.com}}</ref> Under Khan, paper, coin and cash transactions became obsolete. The [[Oyster card|Oyster]] system was expanded to include debit and credit cards. This initiative was started under his predecessor, Johnson.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/contactless-credit-and-debit-cards-can-now-be-used-on-london-tube/|first=Richard|last=Trenholm|title=Contactless credit and debit cards can now be used on London tube|website=[[CNET]]|date=16 September 2014}}</ref>

Upon election, Khan outlined a vision to make London the "greenest city" by investing in walking and [[cycling infrastructure]] while reducing polluting vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.london.gov.uk//press-releases/mayoral/london-environment-strategy-sets-out-vision|title=Mayor sets out bold strategy to make London the greenest global city|date=11 May 2018|website=London City Hall}}</ref> In 2019, the "[[Ultra Low Emission Zone]]" scheme was launched which taxes highly polluting vehicles in its covered territory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.london.gov.uk//press-releases/mayoral/ulez-launches-in-central-london|title=World's first 24 hour Ultra Low Emission Zone starts in London|date=8 April 2019|website=London City Hall}}</ref> London declared itself the world's first "National Park City" (effective from July 2019),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/28/world/london-national-park-city/index.html|title=How London will become a National Park City|first=Esan |last=Swan |others=video by Nabila Khouri and Stefanie Blendis|date=28 November 2018|publisher=CNN}}</ref> reflecting its unusually high amount of green space for a city of its size.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/local-government-network/2014/may/27/greater-london-national-park-city|title=Why Greater London should be made into an urban national park|first=Daniel|last=Raven-Ellison|date=27 May 2014|work=The Guardian}}</ref>

====Extended term====
The Government postponed all elections due in May 2020, including for the mayor of London, for one year due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Khan had therefore served a term in office of five years rather than four, which ended in [[2021 London mayoral election|May 2021]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/postponement-of-may-2020-elections|title=Postponement of May 2020 elections|via=gov.uk}}</ref> He was re-elected in 2021 for a shortened three-year term,<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Act 2020|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/7/section/60/enacted/data.htm|access-date=20 June 2023|work=Legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> defeating the Conservative candidate [[Shaun Bailey (AM)|Shaun Bailey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sadiq Khan reelected as London mayor for second term|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/may/08/sadiq-khan-london-mayor-second-term-labour-shaun-bailey-conservatives|work= [[The Guardian]]|author= Savage, Michael; and agencies|date=8 May 2021|access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/sadiq-khan-london-mayor-win-b1844335.html|title=Sadiq Khan wins second term as London mayor|first=Alastair|last=Jamieson|work=[[The Independent]]|date= 7 May 2021|access-date=7 May 2021}}</ref>